157 aniversario del triunfo de la República sobre el imperio de Maximiliano

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Well, he was always talking.
This space is on the lookout, because

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from these talks and everything came up
with one and we already have four and,

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from what I see, we are
going to continue and we are delighted

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to be here, apart from that
we are neighbors of here, of this

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mayor' s office, we are
neighbors, so for us it is a

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pleasure to be here with you and
good, as well as remembering quickly forgiveness

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for what I am going to say
to the best. Someone doesn' t

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like it, but I have to
mention it. This I remember very much

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the campaign of José Basque Celos.
I didn' t live it. Obviously,

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it was the 29th. I'
m not that old. I didn

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' t live it, but,
well, history tells us that José Vans

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with Celos for his campaign giving away
books. Yeah, so the meetings where

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he was always giving books away,
while other candidates for giving away that if

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the beach good, there were no
beach shirts, but they gave away cashews

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of corn, gave away beans,
etcetera. But Vasconcelos gave books away.

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Then some criticized him. They said
why give books away. People are hungry,

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yes, and people don' t
know how to read, so why

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give them books. Then. It
was very criticized vasconcerlos at that time for

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it. But I don' t
think there can be any better gift,

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best friend to us. I believe
that each of these books becomes a friend

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to us. They' re not
giving us any more books, but fellow

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friends, because every time we know
it and there are titles there, but

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I' ve been returning them.
Right now, the titles are excellent.

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The shadow of the warlord, for
example, of Martín Luis Guzmán, who

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when film was made was banned in
Mexico VI Octavio Paz, the labyrinth of

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Soledad, which makes a full description
of the personality of Mexican VI. Several

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excellent books there. Then imagine what
they' re giving us. Then it

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was us. We go to many
places to give lectures, invite us not

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only here in the city, but
in province, abroad, and always treat

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us kindly. The truth is that
he has always treated us very well,

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but this is the only space where
they give books. It' s the

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only space in any of them have
ever done it and whenever we' ve

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come to the Manuel graduate, always
along with his team, his collaborators give

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these friends, because they' re
our friends, the books. So,

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Manuel, thank you very much,
you see, thank you very much,

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very good detail. Thank you And
well, we will begin one hundred and

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fifty- seventh anniversary of the triumph
of the Republic over the empire of Maximilian.

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It' s a little complicated.
For this reason because to see at

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what point the tip triumphed, one
could say it triumphs in May, on

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the fifteenth of May of the sixty- seven, when Maximilian delivers his sword,

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that there is a lot of divergence
there, if it was given to

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Holder Rocha, it was given to
Ramón Corona or it was given to Mariano

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Escobedo. But the point is that
there, on the hill of the bells,

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Maximilian surrendered there and we could say
it is triumph. Yes or we

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could say that the triumph is fair, the shooting of Maximilian, which is

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like where people go the most and
that they commemorated well, was remembered yesterday.

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Yesterday he was one hundred and fifty- seven years old when Maximilian Miramón

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was shot and mejía on the hill
of the campaigns. But just now,

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right now, he was talking to
us about the graduate and he' s

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absolutely right. A battle was missing. But since Queretaro has already won,

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Maximiliano has surrendered, we have already
judged him, we have shot him,

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it is over. There was still
a battle to fight. And that battle

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was the battle of Mexico City,
which was a fast battle, like a

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war confrontation. It was a very
fast battle, but it was a site

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to the city, Mexico City was
besieged for two months, two months when

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Porfirio Díaz' s forces besieged Mexico
City. Now, no one came in

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and no one came out, although
some of that could have escaped We'

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re going to talk soon. But
Mexico City was besieged. And what happens

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that Porfirio Díaz received the help notice
is surrendering Maximilian and the few imperialists that

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were at a certain stage in May, then Querétaro is already won And who

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gets to reinforce Porfirio Díaz because it
was expected, I mean, it was

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still worse than Querétaro was going to
be Mexico City. Yes, does Vicente

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Riva Palacio arrive with all the Western
Army? Vicente Riva Palacio arrives, Ramón

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Corona arrives, Yes, with all
his army from the whole area of Nayarit,

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Sinaloa, Jalisco, all are no
longer in want. Now everyone is

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coming to Mexico City and when Porfirio
Diaz, that' s what we'

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re going to talk about his barracks, etcetera, etcetera. When Porfirio Díaz

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says we started the battle, there
were few cannons. Fortunately, when the

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empire surrenders, the last thing left
with Maximilian dead. But what do you

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believe here in Mexico City? They
didn' t know he was dead.

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They didn' t know Maximilian was
dead. So that' s what we

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' re going to talk about at
the end of that day. Let'

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s talk about that part. But
first, why did we come to that

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moment, that is, why yesterday
was one hundred and fifty- seven years

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since they took three people to the
wall there in Querétaro, on the hill

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of the bells, and there we
had Tomás Mejía, and we had Miguel

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Miramón and we had Maximiliano, and
we could say that it is one of

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the episodes of history that we know
the most or perhaps the most unknown.

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We know the final part. The
whole tragedy is like soap opera. Better,

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it' s like soap opera all
the final tragedy of Maximilian. Yes,

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everything that lived there in Capuchinas,
everything that lived in the convent of

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the Cross, etcetera. Everything that
lived there in Queretaro is soap opera.

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His whole life with Carlota, for
example, is soap opera. Then there

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have been written books after books after
books, although I recommend them of so

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many books that there are about Maximilian
the Charlotte. The one I recommend the

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most is news from the Empire.
Honestly, I highly recommend them, news

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from the Empire of Fernando del Paso, which focuses on doing tremendous research the

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master and focuses that part on the
imperial couple. But there are other very

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good books and some that I also
recommend to you, the books of Patria,

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that there speaks in general of all
the intervention and the whole plan of

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help, etcetera. All that time
are seventeen years that abbar every taibo also

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excellent research work and from there there
are many books. So, maybe it

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' s the most modeled part of
history in Mexico' s history, that

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' s it, the Mexican Revolution. It' s the most novel thing

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we have. Then it' s
a subject that always draws attention. But

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to reach that final part, to
reach that one hundred and fifty anniversary,

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we must quickly explain what happened,
what happened. Then we' ll leave

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this one or that with the first
slide. Please, we' re going

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with the first slide to start explaining
what' s really going on. The

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French intervention becomes the second time of
the confrontation between liberals and conservatives. The

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first time was the Reformation War of
fifty- seven to sixty, which we

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hardly remember. The country was bloodied
out of that war. Tens of thousands

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were killed. In that war ends
in the battle of Calpulalpan, where Miramon

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is defeated and one says it is
over. It' s over, Juárez.

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They take the Presidency, to be
remembered, to be told that Juárez

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arrived at the Presidency by mere chance. If he took the Tiger' s

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raffle off, he didn' t
have to go in. War breaks out.

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The war wins, but what'
s going on? The second part

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is that conservatives start looking for yes, revenge for Juárez, revenge for liberals,

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and then go looking for support for
the foreigner. And here we have

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to say things the way they are. I know and know several people who

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are pro- imperialist, that they
say the best thing that could have happened

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to us is to have been an
empire since Iturbide. I know people like

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that. It' s okay It' s your way of thinking It'

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s very respectable. How I know
very Republican, exaggerated Republican people. We

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' re gonna try and get a
little bit out of the way. Yes,

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although I can tell you I am
not particularly imperialist. I mean,

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I don' t like Maximilian so
bad, but I had nothing to do

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here Maximilian, nothing Mexico. I
think it' s for us to rule,

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not for them to come to govern
us. Well, let' s

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start with Mexico. Yes, this
is our country and we have Benito Juárez

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as President. Our country at that
time is not as inhabited as it is

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now. We are talking about about
11 million inhabitants. There are several data

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telling us of eight million, others
of ten. We usually go to 11

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million inhabitants, but our country is
very big and we keep saying it.

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Even though they took half of the
territory from us. Mexico is still a

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very large nation. Right now,
you' re gonna see why I'

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m mentioning it And by that time, Mexico came out of the War of

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Independence one thousand eight hundred twenty-
one. We have the first intervention in

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thirty- six, the first French
intervention, and then we have the American

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intervention in forty- six, forty- eight And Mexico has a row after

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a row, problem after a problem
More forgiveness is more Note me, Ahorita,

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look. We just had presidential elections. The first woman officially in government,

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because the first woman to rule Mexico
was Carlota. But, well,

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this, Dr Sheyman, is going
to be the first woman constitutionally who'

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s going to rule Mexico and it' s going to be if wrong.

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I don' t remember the President
or the President number sixty- six.

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Yes, in the United States they
will have presidential elections and will be their

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thirty- fiveth President. And they
became independent fifty years before us and nothing

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more, they have had thirty-
five presidents and we, in less time

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we will have sixty- six presidents. Imagine how there have been problems in

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Mexico. Well, for example,
Yes, for example, Veracruz is the

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entrance to Mexico. We have three
fundamental entrances to Mexico, which is tama

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Uglipa tampico, which is Veracruz and
which is Yucatán. But Yucatan was a

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stopover because there were no roads here. This whole area of lism. It

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was really hard to get through.
Moreover, when Carlota is in Mexico and

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decides to visit Yucatán they take to
Veracruz and go by boat, because there

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are no roads, there are no
roads. So, by that time,

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then you have to jump directly.
They are the three ways to cross or

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enter Mexico, on the Atlantic side, on the Pacific side. We already

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have Mazatlan here, we have Acapulco, we have cool more this ah well,

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yes, there, Below Oaxaca,
but we have more ports in the

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Pacific. I' m pointing them
out, so I' m going to

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explain to you right now Baja California, because we have it almost unpopulated.

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At that time. So we can' t talk about important ports until the

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only important port was the peace that' s here. Yeah, in this

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hole, here' s the peace, but it' s inside, it

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' s not say out into the
ocean. So what we have here is

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more cool, Mazatlan, Manzanillo,
but I didn' t forget Manzanillo,

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Acapulco and that' s what we
have. We are being pointed out because

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all these ports fell into the hands
of the French. But right now,

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you' re gonna see why.
Then it' s a huge territory.

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Remember, in forty- eight we
lost half of the territory up there is

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California. So, what do Americans
do to be able to populate California?

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They were living there and to make
people walk and advance in their famous caravans

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and reach the other side of the
continent. They make a big scandal saying

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there' s gold and there'
s the so- called gold rush.

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Then a lot of people start to
travel from one side to the other and

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start to populate California. But obviously, obviously, yes, I say no,

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because there' s a line.
There, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there,

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there, there. No, of
course not. Then a huge myth

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is created that our Sonora territory is
coined with gold and silver. Yeah,

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it' s curdled. Then that
myth is created, which is supposedly the

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same gold from California. It'
s Gine Sonora. In fact, before

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the second intervention, they attempt mercenaries
to take away Sonora' s territory,

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try to independent Sonora and lower California
and make a republic. Hey, then,

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that' s where the territory is
defended. And that' s why

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Caborca is going to become heroic.
Caborca, because in Kaborca you are going

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to fight with all these people who
are trying to make us independent Sonora.

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And there in your mouth you will
be defeated. And it' s all

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a fabulous story, and all by
an arrow, an arrow a native shot.

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Well, this is a fabulous story, because Caborca is heroic, but

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it' s not the point.
Then they want Sonora. I' m

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telling you this because Maximilian offered Sonora
and Baja California to Napoleon III. The

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payment of French aid to Maximiliano was
the delivery of Sonora and Baja California.

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And why Sonoras was a desert,
because it was supposedly full of gold and

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silver. It was part of the
motives Napoleon III had to support Maximilian to

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keep those territories. But on this
side, we have Tamaulipas, we have

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a new Lion here, problems on
the border, but on the other hand

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we have the American Civil War one
thousand eight hundred sixty- two, one

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thousand eight hundred sixty- five,
fighting those of the North against those of

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the South. The southern slave states
are totally and the northern states are headed

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by President Lincoln. Yes, they
want to abolish slavery, but it is

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not only I release you and you
are no longer a slave, but the

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economy was based on slavery. It
was based on slavery. They produced all

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these lands, produced a lot of
cotton and all cotton went to Europe.

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Why is it so interested in cotton
in Europe, why is it cold?

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Then there was a lot, a
lot of these clothes, cambarras, coats,

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etcetera. They put layers of cotton
on the walls to avoid the terrible

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cold in Europe. Then all this
was harvested from cotton and had the slaves

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working themselves. Then the economy was
based on that. Abolishing slavery would mean

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having to pay slaves, paying them
a salary, and then they would stop

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earning. Slavesmen were against raand Lincoln
for that. There' s a war

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going on It' s worth mentioning
here. Many say it is the consequence

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of the war they had with Mexico, because there was already a balance between

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the States of the North and the
States of the South. And when Texas,

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00:17:33.279 --> 00:17:38.319
New Mexico, and California were taken
from us, Arizona still didn'

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t exist. It belonged to California. The U S Congress is unbalanced and

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leads them to war. Yeah,
so this part of here is going to

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be fundamental, too. And this
fundamental war for what I' m going

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to talk to you about right now, because this is all going together.

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The Americans are at war. And
there' s a Monroe character that we

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know well by his doctrine, Dona
Monroe, which says America for Americans.

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And one of the dots says look
what a father. He' s saying

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America is for all of us Americans. No. He' s telling the

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North Americans not to mess around.
Yeah, he' s saying America is

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for us, for Europeans. They
have in Africa and they have in Asia,

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America is for us. And we
will not allow any empire to come

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and enter the continent. And here
we have two empires, the French and

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we have the Portuguese empire in Brazil, that is, we had two empires,

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the Brazilian and the Mexican. Then
Americans are not at ease, because

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they want to be the hygegmonic country, as they are so far the hegemonic

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country on this continent, While Europeans
took all of Africa and so on,

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we move on to the next.
Please. Well, on the other hand,

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there in Europe we have Napoleon III, Napoleon III, who comes to

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be Napoleon Bonaparte' s grandson nephew, but what do you think Napoleon III

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00:19:26.079 --> 00:19:30.359
' s DNA studies have been done
and it turns out, because he'

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00:19:30.400 --> 00:19:33.680
s not from Bonaparte' s family. There' s a snitch on him.

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00:19:34.240 --> 00:19:40.599
Yeah, and with everyone who pretended. I' m a descendant Napoleon

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I' m Napoleon III Turns out
he' s not a descendant. This

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00:19:42.640 --> 00:19:47.079
was known until nine hundred and ninety, that is, he is thirty-

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four years old, that it was
known that there were infidelities there and he

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is not a descendant of Napoleon.
But, well, officially it' s

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one before. Please, thank you, and Napoleon III wants to revive the

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glories, he wants to revive the
glories of his grandfather uncle or uncle grandfather

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Napoleon I, then we have France. We did talk about this the previous

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time about what was the Battle of
Puebla and the importance of that battle and

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we have Portugal. They' re
going in here to play a lot of

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things. Portugal, which, although
small, has many possessions. They are

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imperialist countries that, by the way, women are really in love with.

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Maximilian, was the princess daughter of
the king of Portugal, He was the

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one who had really fallen in love
with, in fact, asks her in

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marriage and she dies of tuberculosis.
And it is to fall in love with

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this girl and was the heiress to
the throne of Portugal, that is Machilean,

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00:20:53.559 --> 00:20:57.880
if he had ruled as emperor if
this girl had not died and then

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they get Charles. It was precisely
in this week' s show that you

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00:21:06.319 --> 00:21:11.440
told them that one kind of thinks
that you have to ask for your hand

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and it is always the gentleman who
goes and asks for the lady' s

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hand. In the case of Carlote
and Maximilian it was the other way around.

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00:21:18.079 --> 00:21:26.359
Napoleon apologized Leopold, Leopold I of
Bérica asks Maximilian' s hand for

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00:21:26.440 --> 00:21:30.880
his daughter Carlota. Yeah, that' s right there, it was totally

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the other way around. It was
marriage to fix the Eximillian and Carlota issue.

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And well, then we have the
Austrian empire, the German empire is

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coming into being, more or less. How Europe is divided at that time.

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Italy is forming, it is hardly
Garibaldi who will unify it. They

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00:21:48.039 --> 00:21:53.319
' re just unifying and Francis is
quite a power. We move on to

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the next one. Well, this
is what the Battle of Puebla is all

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about. It was the previous talk
and we saw that this battle was tremendous.

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Yes, we move on to the
next one, one thousand eight hundred

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sixty- two, and we'
re going to stop here for a moment

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to talk about the Battle of People
last time. I told them how this

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was about the famous Jaker bond debt. Yeah, how Miramón had borrowed from

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this banker with maesques had borrowed some. The loan was for a million pesos,

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because Miramón had that money, because
the Church no longer wanted to give

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money to Miramón to continue the war
of reform. He didn' t want

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00:22:41.440 --> 00:22:44.640
to give her money anymore. So
what he does is he' s looking

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00:22:44.640 --> 00:22:47.519
for this banker. The banker lends
him a million pesos he didn' t

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00:22:47.599 --> 00:22:51.119
give him a million pesos. So
he came directly to give him, like,

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00:22:51.680 --> 00:22:55.000
100, 000 pesos. The rest, he praised a war material in

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00:22:55.119 --> 00:22:59.680
rifles, uniforms, old, etcetera. Nine hundred thousand gave it to him

283
00:22:59.759 --> 00:23:06.799
in Manus and one hundred thousand in
money one hundred fifty thousand and promised to

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00:23:06.960 --> 00:23:11.599
pay fifteen million. Fifteen thousand.
Imagine what business. You lend me a

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00:23:11.599 --> 00:23:15.400
million and I pay you bread for
millions. So what Jecker does, that

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00:23:15.839 --> 00:23:22.240
big deal. Then he sells those
bonds and sells them to Napoleon' s

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brother, Napoleon III, and Napoleon
III buys half of them from his brother,

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which means he also had a lot
of personal interest in Napoleon III coming

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from the French. Here is the
site of Puebla. One thousand eight hundred

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sixty- three is the site of
Puebla, which, if we speak of

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00:23:41.559 --> 00:23:45.920
the battle of May 5, was
one day and the site of Puebla was

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sixty- two days. Then what
was lived in one day, in the

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00:23:52.680 --> 00:23:56.559
sixty- two, in the sixty- thirteen lived sixty- two times more,

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the site of Puebla was terrible.
The site loses the siege of Puebla,

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00:24:02.519 --> 00:24:07.079
leading the army Jesús González Ortega loses
the siege of Pueblos after sixty-

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two days and was lost by hunger
and set The truth is that that'

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00:24:12.279 --> 00:24:18.240
s why González Ortega lost and decided
to surrender the square. Yes, and

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that' s where the French are
going to move here, towards Mexico City.

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After this battle, we move on
to the next one. Please,

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00:24:27.359 --> 00:24:36.440
well, when the French already take
over Mexico City, El Maniscal Bazán is

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00:24:36.519 --> 00:24:40.519
the one who will take over the
beginning of the regency of Mexico City.

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But here we have to mention it
and they' re going to say it

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00:24:45.319 --> 00:24:48.200
again. The teacher is going to
tell us the same thing and I'

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00:24:48.200 --> 00:24:52.039
m going to keep repeating it.
We will respect the religious faith of everyone.

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00:24:52.319 --> 00:24:59.119
One thing is religious faith and another
is clergy. It' s nothing

306
00:24:59.119 --> 00:25:00.559
to do with it. Let'
s go the clergy. We' re

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00:25:00.559 --> 00:25:04.960
talking about human beings, men like
any of us who are also involved in

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00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:08.559
politics, who are involved in everything. It' s very different from religious

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00:25:08.640 --> 00:25:14.720
faith than everyone else has, and
that' s super respectable. So we

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00:25:14.759 --> 00:25:21.720
' re talking about these two characters
are gloomy. Pelagio Antonio, the strong

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00:25:22.640 --> 00:25:26.359
bishop of Puebla. If he'
s a character as gloomy as you can

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00:25:26.400 --> 00:25:32.599
imagine, he' s one of
the people who' s done Mexico the

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00:25:32.599 --> 00:25:36.279
most harm. This man. In
fact, when the French intervention ends,

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00:25:36.640 --> 00:25:40.960
it has to be hidden and when
the reform wars are over, it has

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00:25:41.039 --> 00:25:44.880
to flee Mexico. He was the
one who got the money to give to

316
00:25:44.880 --> 00:25:48.720
Miramón to continue the fight. Why, Because the laws of reform directly affected

317
00:25:48.720 --> 00:25:55.680
the clergy, not the religious faith, We returned to the same of all

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00:25:55.799 --> 00:26:02.960
liberals, of all liberals, all
were Catholics. They were all Catholics.

319
00:26:03.720 --> 00:26:08.400
Benito Juárez married for the church yes. He baptized his daughters before he died.

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00:26:08.440 --> 00:26:12.480
Margarita Masa told Juárez that she asked
our daughters to marry them for the

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church and that Juárez married them for
the church. I mean, they had

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00:26:18.720 --> 00:26:26.559
religious faith, but they were anticlerical. It' s very different. Then

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00:26:26.599 --> 00:26:33.559
these people got into all kinds of
shady business and Pelagio Antonio Labastiz since the

324
00:26:33.640 --> 00:26:37.519
worst Mexico has ever given. Too
bad. I can' t brag about

325
00:26:37.559 --> 00:26:40.599
him, because he' s from
michoacán, he' s from my zamora

326
00:26:40.599 --> 00:26:45.000
states. I' m sorry to
have to say it Caray' s a

327
00:26:45.079 --> 00:26:48.400
pumpkin and see nothing else. And
this man did not, no, no,

328
00:26:48.559 --> 00:26:52.440
no, no, this man peon
ninth pio, no, no,

329
00:26:55.400 --> 00:27:03.720
this dad He had direct contact with
Pelagio de Antonio la Bastida and the main

330
00:27:03.759 --> 00:27:11.079
bishops in Mexico. He knew about
the reform war. He was the one

331
00:27:11.119 --> 00:27:17.519
who ordered that all those who swore
the Constitution of fifty- seven be excommunicated

332
00:27:17.960 --> 00:27:19.880
and one says to see, wait
for me. He' s in Rome,

333
00:27:21.240 --> 00:27:23.880
he' s already at the Vatican. What he has to do with

334
00:27:23.960 --> 00:27:29.960
those who swear the Constitution in Mexico, because he did, he totally did,

335
00:27:30.279 --> 00:27:33.279
and he was on the lookout for
what was going on in Mexico.

336
00:27:33.799 --> 00:27:38.640
Moreover, indeed, He is one
of those who condemned Juárez to Hell thus

337
00:27:38.799 --> 00:27:45.839
for having taken his goods from the
clergy. Why we put it here,

338
00:27:47.519 --> 00:27:52.599
because Maximiliano and Carlota, when they
are given the throne of Mexico, travel

339
00:27:52.720 --> 00:27:59.240
from Trieste, from Italy to Mexico. But first they go to him for

340
00:27:59.359 --> 00:28:04.079
his blessing. They spend with Pope
Pius ixno for his blessing. And Pope

341
00:28:04.160 --> 00:28:11.920
Pius Xo tells Maximilian, I remember
you, uh, you have to respect

342
00:28:11.160 --> 00:28:18.079
and restore the Church' s goods
back in Mexico. Yeah, why,

343
00:28:18.359 --> 00:28:25.519
because it turns out Maximilian was liberal. This is amazing. He was liberal.

344
00:28:26.640 --> 00:28:32.440
Then there was already a bad omen
for Maximilian. Why, because I

345
00:28:32.559 --> 00:28:34.960
was going to be against the Pope. And we' ll see this later

346
00:28:36.400 --> 00:28:40.519
when Carlota goes to the Vatican,
goes to Rome, knocks on the doors

347
00:28:40.599 --> 00:28:42.920
of the Pope, and the Pope
tells them I don' t support you,

348
00:28:44.359 --> 00:28:45.319
uh, I don' t support
you. The only thing that allowed

349
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:51.400
him, pio no, not Carlota
was to let her sleep that night inside

350
00:28:51.400 --> 00:28:55.519
the dormitory rooms. Papal is the
only woman who' s slept there.

351
00:28:56.240 --> 00:29:00.640
They say, they say you and
those who laughed are the wrong thoughts.

352
00:29:00.759 --> 00:29:03.680
Hey, I don' t think
bad. You' re the heavy ones,

353
00:29:03.839 --> 00:29:08.599
but well, yes or no.
No. It' s really more.

354
00:29:08.960 --> 00:29:15.079
Just imagine the personality of this lord
Yes, he was the one who

355
00:29:15.759 --> 00:29:23.000
decreed papal infallibility. He was the
ninth Pius who said in a bull yes,

356
00:29:23.519 --> 00:29:29.519
the Pope is infallible. It means
the Pope is perfect. The Pope

357
00:29:29.640 --> 00:29:33.480
cannot fail. He was the one
who decreed it obvious speaking for himself.

358
00:29:33.960 --> 00:29:37.839
Yeah, I mean, I can' t fail. I' m infallible.

359
00:29:38.759 --> 00:29:41.359
That' s how flat this guy
is, uh, 9th Pio.

360
00:29:41.559 --> 00:29:45.880
How good it' s been in
the papacy. There is Pope Borgia,

361
00:29:45.920 --> 00:29:49.839
Alexander VI, and there have been
popes who have really had as that communication

362
00:29:49.920 --> 00:29:56.400
or rapprochement with their flock yes and
who have been good, good leaders,

363
00:29:56.119 --> 00:30:00.519
but there are others. What a
name, what a barbarous. We move

364
00:30:00.559 --> 00:30:04.279
on to the next one. Please, well and suddenly we have Maximiliano and

365
00:30:04.359 --> 00:30:12.160
Carlota arriving and starting that romantic adventure, arriving in Mexico, to the city

366
00:30:12.880 --> 00:30:21.799
of Veracruz. This drawing was actually
made by Europeans when Carlote Maximiliano arrived.

367
00:30:22.319 --> 00:30:26.319
Let' s finish the ship in
Novara, this ship that we see here,

368
00:30:26.519 --> 00:30:29.839
the Novara, which is the one
that brings them, is the one

369
00:30:29.880 --> 00:30:32.720
that will take away the remains of
Maximilian. The same boat that brings it,

370
00:30:33.160 --> 00:30:34.160
it' s the one that'
s gonna take it later. But

371
00:30:34.240 --> 00:30:41.920
you' re dead and we see
it, as well as full of people.

372
00:30:41.279 --> 00:30:45.119
That' s not true. There
was no one in the port of

373
00:30:45.160 --> 00:30:52.559
Veracruz to receive it, only the
imperialist people, because some military were the

374
00:30:52.599 --> 00:30:56.240
ones who were there. There were
no people. Veracruz was a liberal city,

375
00:30:56.359 --> 00:31:02.119
completely liberal. That' s where
Benito Juárez took refuge. Remember then

376
00:31:02.200 --> 00:31:06.319
they were not sympathetic to the idea
of empire. There was no one to

377
00:31:06.359 --> 00:31:11.920
receive Maximilian. Maximilian, when he
arrives in these lands on his journey from

378
00:31:12.000 --> 00:31:18.799
Europe to Mexico. He spent all
his time preparing the entire Protocol of the

379
00:31:18.920 --> 00:31:26.359
Court here in Mexico. It'
s just that ushers have to go like

380
00:31:26.480 --> 00:31:30.079
this, butlers have to dress in
such a way they have to say that,

381
00:31:30.359 --> 00:31:33.640
that is, the whole Protocol.
Maximiliano had fun in that all the

382
00:31:33.720 --> 00:31:37.200
time to come to Mexico. Of
course they told Mexico, to Maximiliano yes,

383
00:31:37.200 --> 00:31:41.680
there is one that another problem and
in Mexico, but something mild eh

384
00:31:41.759 --> 00:31:44.839
they will receive you super well.
That' s not true. It is

385
00:31:44.960 --> 00:31:49.079
not true what Nepomonciano to the Mount
and all the imperialists went to talk about

386
00:31:49.079 --> 00:31:52.799
the Machilean. It wasn' t
lies. The country was on its head

387
00:31:52.880 --> 00:31:57.480
and wars followed. Leonardo Marquez,
although the Reformation war had ended. Leonardo

388
00:31:57.519 --> 00:32:00.680
marte. Don' t forget it
was the one who killed Leandro Valle here,

389
00:32:01.039 --> 00:32:06.519
near Toluca, kept Melchor Campo,
near Marabatío killed Santos de Goyado.

390
00:32:07.960 --> 00:32:12.599
Here he beat Huisquilucan, that is, Leonardo Márquez was still armed and stuck

391
00:32:12.720 --> 00:32:16.200
to Mexico City, that is.
The war continued and this was not told

392
00:32:16.279 --> 00:32:23.960
to Maximilian. Maximilian, in order
to come he had to renounce his rights

393
00:32:24.119 --> 00:32:30.480
to the throne of Austria and let
his brother Francis Joseph rule indefinitely. Then

394
00:32:30.559 --> 00:32:36.920
he renounces the possibility of being emperor, but because they are offering him an

395
00:32:36.960 --> 00:32:44.279
empire here. And Carlota of Belgium, daughter of Leopoldo, yes, she

396
00:32:44.400 --> 00:32:47.079
knows that she will not rule Belgium, that at the death of her father

397
00:32:47.559 --> 00:32:52.160
she will rise to the throne.
Leopold, second, her brother is the

398
00:32:52.799 --> 00:32:55.079
one who will rise to the throne. She' s not going to rule

399
00:32:55.119 --> 00:32:58.640
and she wanted to rule. And
suddenly they come to him and tell him

400
00:32:58.720 --> 00:33:05.200
Mira we gave you an entire empire, because carlots said let' s go

401
00:33:05.319 --> 00:33:07.680
this Maximilian hesitated because he had to
resign. I tell them their rights and

402
00:33:07.799 --> 00:33:13.079
he doubted it. But then Carlota
convinces him and brings him to Mexico.

403
00:33:14.160 --> 00:33:17.960
They get here, I tell you
they don' t get them well,

404
00:33:19.160 --> 00:33:23.119
very cold all that stuff. They' re moving towards central Mexico. There

405
00:33:23.160 --> 00:33:29.039
is already a section of railway,
they get on the railway, they arrive

406
00:33:29.160 --> 00:33:32.720
in Puebla and in Puebla like this, thanks to Don Pelagio la Bastida,

407
00:33:34.279 --> 00:33:37.319
they make the great reception. To
Maximilian and Carlota they throw the bells in

408
00:33:37.839 --> 00:33:42.640
flight because the emperor had already arrived
for this. Juárez has already advanced north.

409
00:33:43.519 --> 00:33:46.400
He goes to San Luis Potosí and
there he goes to Saltillo and then

410
00:33:46.440 --> 00:33:51.799
to Monterrey, where they try to
kill him. Santiago Bidaurre is trying to

411
00:33:51.880 --> 00:33:55.920
kill Juárez. In fact, the
coach of Juárez was shot because they were

412
00:33:57.000 --> 00:34:01.000
able to shoot Juárez and everything by
order of Santiago bideur governor again León.

413
00:34:02.720 --> 00:34:07.559
But then we see that this drawing
is false. Yes, because the reception

414
00:34:07.640 --> 00:34:12.039
of Maximilian Carlota was completely cold.
We move on to the next one.

415
00:34:12.159 --> 00:34:19.639
Please, okay, okay, we' ve got the famous Swavos here.

416
00:34:20.039 --> 00:34:23.360
The Swavos talked about it the previous
time, when the Swavos, the French

417
00:34:23.360 --> 00:34:29.639
army, lost the battle of Puebla. I was fifty years old that France

418
00:34:29.719 --> 00:34:31.880
did not lose a battle. The
last he lost was that of Waterloo,

419
00:34:32.000 --> 00:34:37.079
where Napoleon lost was the last battle
he lost and since that date, yes,

420
00:34:37.440 --> 00:34:43.159
since 1 815 he had not lost
a single battle. France was an

421
00:34:43.199 --> 00:34:51.360
undefeated army. These people were completely
professional soldiers who were engaged in war and

422
00:34:51.480 --> 00:34:58.199
charged for fact. Then they were
in many wars and apart they had the

423
00:34:58.280 --> 00:35:02.000
French legion. You have to give
this. We weren' t fighting anyone,

424
00:35:02.840 --> 00:35:08.079
we were fighting a whole power.
When it is lost in Puebla there

425
00:35:08.199 --> 00:35:13.880
were six French zeros and then Napoleon
III is going to send forty zero and

426
00:35:13.960 --> 00:35:21.199
they are the ones who will arrive
here more apart the Mexican imperialists, then

427
00:35:21.280 --> 00:35:27.239
joins tomás mejía hace un Leonardo Márquez, but in several generals with thousands of

428
00:35:27.280 --> 00:35:30.199
Mexican soldiers who supported the Empire.
We' re talking about the French having

429
00:35:30.320 --> 00:35:37.760
between sixty and seventy thousand men fighting
Mexico. We didn' t have an

430
00:35:37.840 --> 00:35:40.239
army, right now, I'
ll explain that part. So they'

431
00:35:40.679 --> 00:35:45.920
re the famous French Swavos. We' re going to comment on this because

432
00:35:45.920 --> 00:35:51.599
there' s no image. There
is no image. As he moves from

433
00:35:52.239 --> 00:35:59.000
Puebla to Mexico City, Carlota and
Maximiliano are going to make their way into

434
00:35:59.039 --> 00:36:04.559
the city. In sixty- four
they' re going to be your entrance

435
00:36:04.679 --> 00:36:09.400
to the city. They were the
night before the entrance to Mexico City.

436
00:36:10.800 --> 00:36:15.840
They' re going to spend the
night in a ranch that' s stuck

437
00:36:15.840 --> 00:36:19.880
here, in the farm of San
Juan de Aragón. This is where they

438
00:36:19.920 --> 00:36:23.840
will spend the night, they are
offered rooms, there they sleep and from

439
00:36:23.960 --> 00:36:30.840
there they go out in the morning
directly Here to the Basilica of Guadalupe,

440
00:36:31.400 --> 00:36:37.440
Maximiliano Carlota arrives. Here to the
Basilica of Guadalupe they offer a mass and

441
00:36:37.480 --> 00:36:42.679
from there they advance towards the center
of the city. But it happens here.

442
00:36:43.400 --> 00:36:46.599
We had them a few meters away
and asleep back here, sutencin Juan

443
00:36:46.639 --> 00:36:52.639
de Aragón. Yes, that was
the road the emperors went through, but

444
00:36:52.719 --> 00:36:58.360
well, supported by the bayonets of
the French Swavos, the Belgian legion,

445
00:36:58.400 --> 00:37:06.159
the law that in Austrian and the
foreign legion, which had Egyptian, Hindu,

446
00:37:07.320 --> 00:37:13.280
Somali soldiers, etcetera. I mean, it was an army We'

447
00:37:13.280 --> 00:37:16.199
re from many countries. Yeah,
so Mexicans, Mexican soldiers fought with all

448
00:37:16.280 --> 00:37:22.880
kinds of soldiers, but it'
s the professionals who our soldiers were.

449
00:37:23.880 --> 00:37:30.800
We passed the patient, please,
they were our soldiers, the Chinese.

450
00:37:30.639 --> 00:37:37.159
Yes, the Chinese who were peasants. It was country people that I'

451
00:37:37.199 --> 00:37:40.039
m plowing the earth today, and
tomorrow I' ll grab a rifle and

452
00:37:40.079 --> 00:37:45.239
fight with the French. So what
the Mexican Chinese did, the Mexican guerrilla,

453
00:37:45.800 --> 00:37:53.119
which was something that proposed melcho when
the American intervention said let' s

454
00:37:53.159 --> 00:37:57.239
go to the guerrillas, they'
re not going to power with us.

455
00:37:58.199 --> 00:38:02.360
But Manuel de la Peñipe' s
government says no. We gave up and

456
00:38:02.360 --> 00:38:08.159
lost half the territory. We learned
the choice in such a way that when

457
00:38:08.159 --> 00:38:13.519
we have the French take Mexico City, advance to Mexico City, Juarez withdraws

458
00:38:14.119 --> 00:38:20.159
to the north of the country.
And the guerrilla war begins. That'

459
00:38:20.280 --> 00:38:23.920
s why I told you we didn' t have a vice army. Riva

460
00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:29.400
Palace, for example, in the
West, he could gather. He could

461
00:38:29.440 --> 00:38:34.880
gather seven 8, 000 men,
which is already an army, but they

462
00:38:34.960 --> 00:38:38.159
know when he gathered him only once
to attack Querétaro and then, well,

463
00:38:38.440 --> 00:38:43.440
to come to Mexico City. Apart
from that, Riva Palacio had three hundred

464
00:38:43.559 --> 00:38:49.440
in Uruapan, two hundred in Quiroga, three hundred fifty in Morelia. I

465
00:38:49.519 --> 00:38:52.880
don' t know in Citah when
I was one hundred and fifty. That

466
00:38:52.920 --> 00:38:58.559
' s how he had them.
All irrigated were pure guerrillas. So that

467
00:38:58.639 --> 00:39:02.519
' s how Ramón fought either Mariano
Escobedo or not. He did form an

468
00:39:02.760 --> 00:39:08.079
army there in the North. He
did form an army, but it was

469
00:39:08.199 --> 00:39:14.639
hard for him to form that army, but the others were guerrillas, guerrillas,

470
00:39:15.400 --> 00:39:20.719
guerrillas, so that the French owned
the main cities of Mexico, but

471
00:39:21.480 --> 00:39:24.880
pure capitals, nothing more. The
capitals, that is, they owned the

472
00:39:25.320 --> 00:39:29.679
flat that they stepped on outside of
that, they didn' t own Mexico.

473
00:39:30.440 --> 00:39:35.320
They never could. Never could the
French. We move on to the

474
00:39:35.440 --> 00:39:45.360
next one, please, we move
on to another one, please. Well,

475
00:39:46.360 --> 00:39:52.039
here we have precisely these men I
was telling you about. We have

476
00:39:52.079 --> 00:39:55.280
Mariano Escobedo. Yeah, that'
s a whole story, and Mariano Escobedes

477
00:39:55.320 --> 00:40:00.559
' s is awesome. The story
of Marriano tells them in a couple of

478
00:40:00.599 --> 00:40:06.639
minutes, which he deserves a whole
lecture. Manuel Mariano Escobedo, he fights

479
00:40:07.320 --> 00:40:09.920
in Puebla. It' s at
the site of Puebla. He gives up,

480
00:40:10.239 --> 00:40:15.239
along with the other generals, escapes. That' s where he'

481
00:40:15.320 --> 00:40:19.480
s gonna find Porfirio Diaz. Porfirio
God begins to raise an army. But

482
00:40:19.519 --> 00:40:22.159
Mariano brooms says it' s not
that I' m here what to do.

483
00:40:22.280 --> 00:40:24.960
I mean, yeah, I'
m fighting, but I kind of

484
00:40:25.039 --> 00:40:29.840
feel like I can give more,
I' m going to find President Juárez,

485
00:40:30.280 --> 00:40:32.400
because where President Juárez is. We
don' t know and who knows

486
00:40:32.440 --> 00:40:36.599
where President Juárez is, because the
one to know is Don Matías Romero,

487
00:40:37.159 --> 00:40:40.480
who is our ambassador in Washington.
Yeah, well, he says I'

488
00:40:40.559 --> 00:40:44.800
m going to Washington, to find
Don Matías Romero, just to ask them

489
00:40:44.880 --> 00:40:50.320
where Juarez was. Well, there
goes Mr Mariano Escobedo going to give Tabasco.

490
00:40:51.760 --> 00:40:55.760
In Tabasco he disguises himself as a
sailor as a coal sailor. Remember

491
00:40:55.800 --> 00:41:00.840
that the ships were moving with steam, with coal of canrbonero. I know

492
00:41:00.079 --> 00:41:04.840
it' s all muddy, et
cetera. It' s quite a feat

493
00:41:04.920 --> 00:41:09.480
he' s doing to get to
Tampico. In Tampico disembarks, crosses to

494
00:41:09.519 --> 00:41:15.840
the United States, the barrumba Washington
gets a horse and they are in full

495
00:41:16.360 --> 00:41:21.800
civil war and they are taking place
with all northern and southerners, and Mr

496
00:41:21.960 --> 00:41:25.920
Escobedo, General Escobedo, crosses in
the middle of the civil war, hiding

497
00:41:27.079 --> 00:41:30.760
in roads, in paths behind trees, because there are shootings everywhere, and

498
00:41:30.880 --> 00:41:36.880
crossing to get to Washington to tell
Don mateo Romero, Don Matías, where

499
00:41:37.119 --> 00:41:42.119
President Juárez is, because notice that
he is in a very small place called

500
00:41:42.599 --> 00:41:46.039
Paso del Norte, in Chihuahua,
there he is, because I go to

501
00:41:46.159 --> 00:41:51.599
pass the whole civil war again,
the whole civil war, crossing it to

502
00:41:51.679 --> 00:41:55.280
be able to reach Benito Juárez and
tell him, Mr President, I am

503
00:41:55.320 --> 00:42:00.239
here what I do, because where
you are from Monterrey, so go to

504
00:42:00.280 --> 00:42:05.599
Monterrey and arm an army. You' re going to be a general.

505
00:42:06.079 --> 00:42:07.599
He says no, well, how
am I going to be a general?

506
00:42:07.639 --> 00:42:09.840
I don' t have soldiers.
Yeah, well, you' re gonna

507
00:42:09.840 --> 00:42:13.000
be a colonel, and then I' m gonna be a general again.

508
00:42:13.519 --> 00:42:15.480
There has never been your case in
the history of a general degrades himself,

509
00:42:15.760 --> 00:42:21.159
but well, he arrives and begins
to form an army, but they see

510
00:42:21.320 --> 00:42:24.320
all the journey Mariano Escobedo makes.
Well, it' s the same thing

511
00:42:24.440 --> 00:42:30.000
to talk about Porfirio Díaz, that
Porfirio Díaz is not the Porfirio Díaz before

512
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:35.639
the revolution. Is that another Porfirio
Diaz? Yes, why are we talking

513
00:42:35.719 --> 00:42:39.880
about the hero of the intervention,
one of the great characters of the intervention,

514
00:42:40.639 --> 00:42:44.360
and the other Porfirio Day, being
President, Well, that' s

515
00:42:44.360 --> 00:42:47.199
another story. But for the time
being, Porfirio Diaz, where he rigged

516
00:42:47.199 --> 00:42:52.000
me. I think that image was
erased, but Porfirio Diaz should be left

517
00:42:52.000 --> 00:42:57.840
here, ah when he still didn' t. Blanquito, Carmelita, right.

518
00:42:58.239 --> 00:43:00.800
That' s why it looks dark. Well, we don' t

519
00:43:00.920 --> 00:43:07.320
have General Ramon Corona. Another story, another entire story of General Ramón Corona

520
00:43:07.360 --> 00:43:10.000
all over the Pacific coast. He' s the one who' s gonna

521
00:43:10.039 --> 00:43:13.960
throw the French out in Mazatlan,
he' s the one who' s

522
00:43:13.960 --> 00:43:19.199
gonna fight. He, Ramon Corona
and his people did come to fight in

523
00:43:19.239 --> 00:43:22.760
the ravines, friends, in the
ravines, in the spine of the Devil.

524
00:43:23.280 --> 00:43:29.280
There, in durango, they made
the French and the imperialists sneak in

525
00:43:29.360 --> 00:43:35.280
and let stones go. They did
this what was called stone boats, so

526
00:43:35.320 --> 00:43:40.000
that the French would fall on them, that is, they came to use

527
00:43:40.039 --> 00:43:46.880
in combats that they had, protected
themselves and put obstacles of nopals, cactus,

528
00:43:46.920 --> 00:43:52.960
etcetera, that is, with carama
spines yes, to be able to

529
00:43:52.960 --> 00:43:54.320
fight against the French. They'
re from the feats of General Ramón Corona.

530
00:43:55.000 --> 00:44:00.239
We have Vicente Riva Palacio, Vicente
Riva Palacio, writer, He was

531
00:44:00.320 --> 00:44:06.360
a journalist and suddenly he was already
from General, he was already from General

532
00:44:06.440 --> 00:44:10.320
Vicente Riva Palacio, that a fabulous
anecdote, fabulous from General Riva Palacio.

533
00:44:12.400 --> 00:44:17.559
When the war ends, when the
intervention war ends, he goes with Benito

534
00:44:17.679 --> 00:44:22.800
Juárez, Yes, well, Benito
Juevez calls him and tells General Riva Palacio,

535
00:44:22.320 --> 00:44:28.559
we are very grateful to you and
we owe him three years' salary

536
00:44:28.599 --> 00:44:30.480
because we haven' t paid anyone. We haven' t paid anyone.

537
00:44:31.039 --> 00:44:35.119
Then look, even if it'
s little by little, we' re

538
00:44:35.159 --> 00:44:37.440
going to pay you what we owe
you. And with Testa Vicente Riva Palacio

539
00:44:37.840 --> 00:44:42.239
you know what. Mr President,
don' t pay me anything. I

540
00:44:42.239 --> 00:44:45.639
wasn' t here to see how
much I earned, but I do want

541
00:44:45.639 --> 00:44:49.559
to ask you a favor. Tell
me, General, what can I do

542
00:44:49.559 --> 00:44:53.920
for you? Lend me the National
Archives. That one you already see is

543
00:44:54.039 --> 00:44:58.119
a whole story. How the National
Archive hid there, in the North,

544
00:44:58.519 --> 00:45:04.639
etcetera. Pres el tema el Archivo
Nacional, since it was loaned to the

545
00:45:04.679 --> 00:45:08.360
archive by the history of Mexico.
They lend it to Riba Palacio and Riva

546
00:45:08.440 --> 00:45:13.480
Palacio, along with other writers.
That' s where he' s going

547
00:45:13.480 --> 00:45:15.920
to write several novels. He particularly
writes several novels, especially from the time

548
00:45:15.960 --> 00:45:22.239
of the inquisition. But besides it
will write and advise the work Summit of

549
00:45:22.480 --> 00:45:25.679
the nineteenth century. In the case
of history, Mexico over the centuries,

550
00:45:27.039 --> 00:45:30.559
yes, he is the one who
is going to take charge and is based

551
00:45:30.639 --> 00:45:35.280
on the archive of the Nation that
asked Juárez to pay for his services during

552
00:45:35.400 --> 00:45:42.280
the intervention war. He took out
the data he needed and returned it to

553
00:45:42.400 --> 00:45:45.079
Benito Juárez. Yeah, which is
the one we currently have in the general

554
00:45:45.079 --> 00:45:49.760
file. That' s the file
that Don Vicente Riva Palacio consulted. The

555
00:45:49.800 --> 00:45:54.480
lyrics were his, he loved the
lyrics then, for many years, Mexico

556
00:45:54.480 --> 00:45:59.159
through the centuries was the official gift
of the Government of Mexico to which any

557
00:45:59.239 --> 00:46:05.559
distinguished foreign visitor was given is Encilopeti. Mexico through the very precious circuits that

558
00:46:05.639 --> 00:46:08.800
I know already has very obsolete data, especially taking one from pre- Hispanic

559
00:46:08.960 --> 00:46:15.079
Mexico. Obviously, there was no
archaeology at that time. Yes, it

560
00:46:15.159 --> 00:46:20.400
' s very absolute data, but
anyway, if you can really make those

561
00:46:20.480 --> 00:46:23.519
books friends, it' s worth
it if you have them, you keep

562
00:46:23.599 --> 00:46:28.239
them. But the volume three part, I take four, which is independence

563
00:46:28.320 --> 00:46:35.440
and reform. What an impressive amount
of data. The data yes, well,

564
00:46:35.679 --> 00:46:38.199
we have the general hold Rocha,
that many are said to be the

565
00:46:38.239 --> 00:46:42.719
one who received Maximilian' s sword
and that he will also be fighting in

566
00:46:42.719 --> 00:46:45.440
the north. And we have more. We don' t have Lucas Patonia

567
00:46:45.519 --> 00:46:50.559
Jesús González Ortega. We have a
lot of generals in Zaragoza, not because

568
00:46:50.559 --> 00:46:52.760
he was already dead, but they' re the ones who are going to

569
00:46:52.760 --> 00:46:55.239
be fighting. Yes, let'
s move on to the following dors,

570
00:46:55.239 --> 00:47:00.000
please. And on the other hand, not man, what a gallery we

571
00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:05.280
have. And we started with Leonardo
Marquez, who I, well, you

572
00:47:05.800 --> 00:47:07.960
already heard me and you know me. I hate this guy. I hate

573
00:47:08.440 --> 00:47:13.000
Leonardo Marquez and I always say the
same thing. It was the last m

574
00:47:13.039 --> 00:47:17.000
that was needed there on the hill
of the bells, Miramón Mejía Maximiliano and

575
00:47:17.000 --> 00:47:22.360
we lacked only Marquez that this guy
escaped. His remains are currently in Cuba.

576
00:47:22.960 --> 00:47:27.159
Yes, this was the one who
killed the doctors here in Tacubaya.

577
00:47:28.320 --> 00:47:31.920
That' s why the Tacubaya tiger
was the one who shot doctors and nurses

578
00:47:31.960 --> 00:47:38.000
and medical students. He was the
one who killed Melchor Campo, Aleandro Valle

579
00:47:38.039 --> 00:47:42.280
and Santos de Goyado. It was
the worst, this guy, the worst.

580
00:47:43.280 --> 00:47:47.079
And when Porfirio Díaz forgave him and
returned to Mexico because he was exiled

581
00:47:47.159 --> 00:47:54.320
and returned to Mexico, he was
identified here in good sight by young medical

582
00:47:54.360 --> 00:47:58.920
students and they knew that this guy
had come back and came and broke into

583
00:47:59.079 --> 00:48:02.679
his house and every day they passed
by, stoned his house and shouted such

584
00:48:02.679 --> 00:48:06.719
a thing. So he had to
go back and get out of Mexico,

585
00:48:07.079 --> 00:48:12.800
because the Mexican doctors happened, because
he was a murderer directly Leonardo Marquez.

586
00:48:13.440 --> 00:48:16.280
But how ugly when they call you
a traitor on one side and call you

587
00:48:16.440 --> 00:48:22.119
a traitor on the other, because
apart from him, he abandoned Maximilian and

588
00:48:22.119 --> 00:48:23.400
took away all the cavalry, Ahorita, I' m going to tell them

589
00:48:23.400 --> 00:48:28.119
that. The whole cavalry arrived and
never returned and left Maximilian to his fate.

590
00:48:29.000 --> 00:48:32.719
So this fierce traitor. Traitor Yes, unlike this one, Mr Tomás

591
00:48:32.800 --> 00:48:37.760
Mejía, to my respects. For
Don Tomás Mejía, pity he was wearing

592
00:48:37.800 --> 00:48:42.159
the wrong shirt, because for me
he was wearing the wrong shirt. But

593
00:48:42.159 --> 00:48:45.400
it must be admitted that he was
a great general, Don Tomás Mejía,

594
00:48:46.239 --> 00:48:52.199
who even Juárez himself admired Tomás Mejía, and that in the end Tomás Mejía,

595
00:48:52.360 --> 00:48:58.000
as his wife was shot when he
was swallowed, has no money to

596
00:48:58.079 --> 00:49:02.400
bury him and has him mammified in
his house, sitting in a chair.

597
00:49:04.559 --> 00:49:07.880
There she has her husband' s
body of Tomás Mejía, when Juárez,

598
00:49:08.239 --> 00:49:12.440
Juárez, finds out about his bag, paid for the burial of Tomás Mejía.

599
00:49:12.840 --> 00:49:15.840
A tragic death and, as we
have already discussed, he was offered

600
00:49:15.920 --> 00:49:20.400
freedom and he did not accept it. He was loyal to his principles.

601
00:49:21.119 --> 00:49:23.679
Yes, he knew he watered it, but he was loyal and loyal to

602
00:49:23.679 --> 00:49:30.960
the Maximilian until the last moment of
respect for Mr Mejía and this other character,

603
00:49:30.039 --> 00:49:37.599
Blimey Pity, he is also a
survivor of Chapultepec. It' s

604
00:49:37.639 --> 00:49:42.639
part of the hero kids. A
great general, great great general, Michael

605
00:49:43.320 --> 00:49:49.360
Miramon, was wounded at the Battle
of forty- seven. I tell you

606
00:49:49.360 --> 00:49:54.800
that he was conservative and well he
ended up supporting the Empire, although at

607
00:49:54.880 --> 00:49:59.840
first he did not like Maximilian,
because he has not been a cadet of

608
00:49:59.840 --> 00:50:04.159
the military school. He had fought
the Americans. He loved Mexico, but

609
00:50:04.840 --> 00:50:08.400
Ay had to ally himself with Maximilian
in the end and no way, because

610
00:50:08.480 --> 00:50:14.679
he had to be on the wall. But it is truly admirable without the

611
00:50:14.800 --> 00:50:20.679
ability of Miguel Miramón and I have
told you that anecdote. He had a

612
00:50:20.719 --> 00:50:24.599
lot of friendship with Leandro Valle,
who was also a military school cadet and

613
00:50:24.679 --> 00:50:30.000
how the reform war faced them several
times with Miramón and Leandro Valle faced them

614
00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:36.159
in the middle of combat. His
best friend And what Miramón did and Leandro

615
00:50:36.239 --> 00:50:40.239
Valle grabbed Miramón wrote a letter and
he knew that Leandro Valle, with a

616
00:50:40.360 --> 00:50:45.559
catalejo, was seeing him. He
would grab, go out, get where

617
00:50:45.679 --> 00:50:51.480
they had maguey or a tree and
let go of the letter and return and

618
00:50:51.599 --> 00:50:55.480
then reach Leandro Valle he would grab
the letter, yes, he would open

619
00:50:55.480 --> 00:51:00.400
it where Miramón told them. Leandro
take care of yourself I hope you'

620
00:51:00.480 --> 00:51:05.280
ll be very lucky in this battle
If anything happens to me, I'

621
00:51:05.280 --> 00:51:05.760
ll take care of my family,
I' ll take care of you,

622
00:51:05.760 --> 00:51:07.239
I don' t know what.
So much so, yes, he entrusted

623
00:51:07.280 --> 00:51:12.280
his family, Leandro Valle, almost
Lelandro Valle read the letter and wrote to

624
00:51:12.840 --> 00:51:15.039
another one he went and left it
there in a small tree. Yes,

625
00:51:15.360 --> 00:51:17.639
and he came to Miramon and read
it and told them the same thing.

626
00:51:17.719 --> 00:51:21.880
Leandro Valle, if I ever die
in this battle, I' m going

627
00:51:21.920 --> 00:51:23.519
to fight you. Yeah, I
mean, if you ever kill me,

628
00:51:24.079 --> 00:51:28.559
I' ll take care of my
family. See how Leandro Valle, Miguel

629
00:51:28.559 --> 00:51:32.119
Miramón and the war had to divide
them. How sad? How sad?

630
00:51:32.199 --> 00:51:37.719
Well, it' s history,
and then it dies too. Die there

631
00:51:37.800 --> 00:51:42.360
in wantetare. We move on to
the next one. Please, and well,

632
00:51:43.480 --> 00:51:46.800
so you can get to the moment, how good that for what we

633
00:51:46.920 --> 00:51:52.400
were invited, all this is just
the background to explain this part of the

634
00:51:52.440 --> 00:51:58.760
map. You know what Doris is
about. You can' t see the

635
00:51:58.840 --> 00:52:00.880
map. If you can raise it
a little bit, you can or you

636
00:52:01.000 --> 00:52:08.760
can' t, we go back
to the previous one. Okay, there

637
00:52:08.840 --> 00:52:14.960
' s victo. It turns out
that the French came all the way here,

638
00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:20.800
as far as Chihuahua, Chihuahua capital
and Juárez was in step from the

639
00:52:20.800 --> 00:52:25.920
north, up there where this city, Juárez, up there was Jua,

640
00:52:27.199 --> 00:52:30.119
Juárez, wanted to catch him to
meet places. They wanted to catch him

641
00:52:30.199 --> 00:52:36.840
The French I tell them came to
Techihuahua, but suddenly there in Europe,

642
00:52:37.400 --> 00:52:40.159
Napoleon III, who saw all this
as a big deal. Suddenly Napoleon III

643
00:52:40.239 --> 00:52:46.800
knows that Prussia, his great enemy, is arming themselves and is preparing to

644
00:52:46.880 --> 00:52:52.960
fight France, and he needs his
people, his army, who here in

645
00:52:52.039 --> 00:52:59.159
Mexico are doing nothing. They don' t move forward, they can'

646
00:52:59.199 --> 00:53:00.519
t grab Juárez, they can'
t defeat the guerrillas. They know what

647
00:53:00.559 --> 00:53:08.000
the French were complaining about with Bashan
They said that Mexicans are cowards. They

648
00:53:08.000 --> 00:53:13.679
don' t give us any more
face, they come and attack us when

649
00:53:13.719 --> 00:53:16.639
we' re asleep and they kill
several of us and they leave the very

650
00:53:16.719 --> 00:53:22.119
cowards and they arrive and in the
rear they attack our people from the rear

651
00:53:22.159 --> 00:53:22.559
and they kill her and then they
go to the hill and we no longer

652
00:53:22.559 --> 00:53:28.079
catch them. See what cowards are
cowards. Name' s pretty smart.

653
00:53:28.559 --> 00:53:31.519
I' m not going to confront
you that you have better artillery, that

654
00:53:31.800 --> 00:53:35.519
you have more cannons than you have
powerful soldiers. I' m not gonna

655
00:53:35.559 --> 00:53:39.440
fight you for you. This is
called guerrilla complaints, and if the French

656
00:53:39.480 --> 00:53:44.760
couldn' t do that, they
couldn' t until they knew who they

657
00:53:44.880 --> 00:53:51.360
liked. The first time Mariano Escobedo
in Santa GeV Rudis, he' s

658
00:53:51.440 --> 00:53:57.719
bound here, you' ll jump
there to see not what the French are

659
00:53:57.760 --> 00:53:59.679
talking about, because now let'
s go to you for you. And

660
00:53:59.719 --> 00:54:05.880
there for the first time years,
in two years you face a Mexican army.

661
00:54:06.480 --> 00:54:12.920
Everyone would say that I do not
want the Mary of the Escobedo to

662
00:54:13.320 --> 00:54:15.760
be refreshed and from this made morale
grow in everyone, because yes, it

663
00:54:15.760 --> 00:54:19.559
is true. We weren' t
going to stand up against someone who was

664
00:54:19.559 --> 00:54:23.000
superior. But when Mariano Escobedos proved
that he could. With this battle of

665
00:54:23.039 --> 00:54:27.880
Certa Gertrudis, I set it as
an example. So we go on the

666
00:54:27.920 --> 00:54:30.920
wheel of Fortune and at that time
Mexico was down here and France was up

667
00:54:30.960 --> 00:54:36.519
here. At that time the general
wheel and Mexico began to climb and France

668
00:54:36.559 --> 00:54:40.280
began to come down. With that
battle of Santa Gentudes opened the man panorama.

669
00:54:42.199 --> 00:54:45.239
Now we have seen that we can
form armies. And the one that

670
00:54:45.280 --> 00:54:51.679
followed was Porfirio Díaz and Porfirio Días
armed an army and confronts the Austrians in

671
00:54:51.679 --> 00:54:57.239
the coal pit, in Oaxaca.
He confronts them in Miahuatlán and begins to

672
00:54:57.280 --> 00:55:01.920
defeat them one after the other and
the triumphs begin and Ramón Corona also confronts

673
00:55:01.960 --> 00:55:07.119
them in Mazatlán the French and the
Mexican triumphs begin to arrive. Why,

674
00:55:07.599 --> 00:55:10.639
because Napoleon takes his people, then
those who stay are the Mexican imperialists and

675
00:55:10.679 --> 00:55:19.760
advance so far that only this is
left, Friends, Veracruz, Yes,

676
00:55:19.800 --> 00:55:30.199
Puebla, Mexico City, Querétaro and
Morelia. If you notice, it'

677
00:55:30.280 --> 00:55:32.199
s a yes. It' s
an almost direct line. Well, here

678
00:55:32.199 --> 00:55:37.519
' s Morelli, Morelia, Querétaro, Mexico City, Puebla, Veracruz,

679
00:55:37.239 --> 00:55:44.159
that' s all the imperialists have
left. But there is another route,

680
00:55:45.320 --> 00:55:52.800
the route that offers tomas mejía and
tomas mejía says We have another route from

681
00:55:52.000 --> 00:55:58.960
Querétaro, instead of Mexico City.
We' re moving along the Sierra Gorda

682
00:55:59.039 --> 00:56:02.400
and we' re going to Tampico
and that' s where we can go

683
00:56:02.400 --> 00:56:05.840
out the South. You can'
t. We' ve seen that not

684
00:56:05.880 --> 00:56:09.760
at three innings. There' s
only one free and the other one you

685
00:56:09.880 --> 00:56:14.559
have to fight for. Because now, after Maximilian cannot sustain himself before Napoleon

686
00:56:14.639 --> 00:56:22.000
III abandons him, he abandons his
fate, Carlota leaves for Europe. Napoleon

687
00:56:22.239 --> 00:56:25.119
takes two days to receive it and
when he receives it, he tells him

688
00:56:25.159 --> 00:56:30.320
I will no longer support Maximilian And
there he goes with Francis Joseph, who

689
00:56:30.360 --> 00:56:34.320
will not support him either and from
there he goes with the Pope and the

690
00:56:34.400 --> 00:56:37.760
Father says I can do nothing.
And Carlota' s going crazy. That

691
00:56:37.800 --> 00:56:40.159
' s real. Carlota went crazy, yes, and she' s not

692
00:56:40.199 --> 00:56:49.239
going back to Mexico anymore. Then
what remains of Maximilian to abdicate the throne,

693
00:56:49.440 --> 00:56:55.119
that is, to renounce the throne. Then he decides to resign and

694
00:56:57.039 --> 00:57:01.599
leaves with the French troops. He
reaches Urisa and in Orizaba he received a

695
00:57:01.679 --> 00:57:07.800
letter from his mother and had received
a letter from Carlota where they tell him

696
00:57:07.840 --> 00:57:14.000
a Hasburg does not surrender, that
is to say cowardly and Carlota is very

697
00:57:14.079 --> 00:57:16.599
hard the letter that Carlota sends to
Maximiliano where he says you will not surrender,

698
00:57:17.039 --> 00:57:22.960
but for nothing you will surrender.
And being in orizaba, Machimiliano already

699
00:57:23.039 --> 00:57:30.239
without the French, already with two
ships here waiting for him in Veracruz to

700
00:57:30.280 --> 00:57:34.880
take him to Europe. Yes,
he suddenly decides to stay that the clergy

701
00:57:34.960 --> 00:57:38.880
had already turned their backs on him. The clergy turned their backs on Maximilian,

702
00:57:39.440 --> 00:57:45.199
but who decides to support him.
Miramón Márquez and mejía and tells them

703
00:57:45.320 --> 00:57:52.719
we put together an army and support
the empire. So Maximiliano returns to Mexico

704
00:57:52.840 --> 00:57:57.119
City, knows that here, in
Mexico City, they will not be able

705
00:57:57.719 --> 00:58:02.440
to hold a place and decides to
move to Quereta. It reaches Queretaro,

706
00:58:02.480 --> 00:58:09.000
which is a conservative city. It
locks itself in Queretaro because it says here

707
00:58:09.079 --> 00:58:14.360
how they are all mountains all around. It' s easy to shoot them.

708
00:58:14.320 --> 00:58:19.519
Yes to enemies. Then we can
hold on to this. But no.

709
00:58:20.400 --> 00:58:23.280
What happens that Mariano has run when
he receives the order to besiege that

710
00:58:23.679 --> 00:58:28.199
Rétaro will not expose his people and
his people have him there ribita waiting for

711
00:58:28.880 --> 00:58:32.360
them to run out. They wanted
to fight, the imperialists wanted to fight.

712
00:58:32.360 --> 00:58:37.960
And Mariano chosen holding and holding and
holding. But well, that'

713
00:58:37.599 --> 00:58:44.920
s why Querétaro becomes the seat of
the Empire, the last city. What

714
00:58:45.039 --> 00:58:52.280
happens while Morelia riva is lost Palace
Toma Morelia, then it is no longer

715
00:58:52.360 --> 00:58:57.239
a conservative city, it is a
liberal city. And the order now gives

716
00:58:57.719 --> 00:59:00.679
Benito Juárez, who is in in
San ud Luis Potosí, already went down

717
00:59:00.400 --> 00:59:07.039
from Chihuahua to San Luis Potosí.
It is to hand over the command to

718
00:59:07.599 --> 00:59:14.400
Mariano Escobedo, the command of the
entire Republican army and tell him about Maximiliano

719
00:59:14.400 --> 00:59:19.079
where he is in Querétaro, because
let' s go to Querétaro, and

720
00:59:19.960 --> 00:59:23.679
that' s what all the Mexican
guerrillas said to Querétaro, and there they

721
00:59:23.679 --> 00:59:30.119
keep walking him, walking on horseback
on all the true roads everyone to Querétaro

722
00:59:30.280 --> 00:59:36.079
and they come to gather more than
sixty zero, more than sixty thousand guerrillas

723
00:59:36.079 --> 00:59:39.599
around Querétaro. Then there was no
chance of going out and wanting a casserole.

724
00:59:39.639 --> 00:59:46.519
It was a saucepan and all surrounded
absolutely all surrounded. So we have

725
00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:52.840
Ramon Corona here, we have Riva
Palacio, we have to hold Rocha.

726
00:59:52.280 --> 00:59:59.760
All the generals are here except one
Porfirio Díaz, Porfirio Díaz, who is

727
00:59:59.800 --> 01:00:04.920
in or Oaxaca, yes and who
says here is a route where they can

728
01:00:04.960 --> 01:00:12.880
escape. How I cut the escape
route by taking Puebla. Here it is

729
01:00:13.039 --> 01:00:17.239
I' ll take Puebla. And
that' s when Porfirio Díaz besieged the

730
01:00:17.280 --> 01:00:22.400
city of Puebla through a hunger site
and he' s going to try to

731
01:00:22.440 --> 01:00:27.480
defeat the French, who are.
Well, the imperialists, who are in

732
01:00:27.519 --> 01:00:30.840
there because they did stay the Belgian
legion. He stayed, for example,

733
01:00:30.239 --> 01:00:34.559
to support Carlota and Maximiliano, that
what was in Europe, but they want

734
01:00:34.559 --> 01:00:38.679
to support the Maximilian. The Austrian
legion also stayed. Yes, the French

735
01:00:38.719 --> 01:00:45.400
are the ones who left, but
the regions remain on their own. Then

736
01:00:46.400 --> 01:00:52.840
this Porfirio Diaz is going to advance
and he' s going to take the

737
01:00:53.000 --> 01:00:58.320
city of Puebla with blood and fire. Why. Because being here in Queretaro,

738
01:00:59.039 --> 01:01:05.000
being in Queretaro, Marquez, Miramón, mejía suddenly. Marquez tells Maximilian

739
01:01:05.079 --> 01:01:10.960
we' re locked up. Let
me go to Mexico City, which is

740
01:01:12.079 --> 01:01:19.559
still conservative to bring reinforcements and maximized. He says yes, go and take

741
01:01:19.679 --> 01:01:24.559
all the cavalry. Four thousand horsemen
take Leonardo Márquez, well, he brings

742
01:01:24.599 --> 01:01:30.920
them to Mexico City. When you' re in Mexico City, when you

743
01:01:30.960 --> 01:01:37.519
' re here, do you know
Porfirio Diaz is sitting? He' s

744
01:01:37.239 --> 01:01:44.599
besieging Puebla and they need that escape
route. Then they decide Leonardo Márquez to

745
01:01:44.639 --> 01:01:49.000
attack Porfirio Díaz in Puebla, Puebla, this is April 2. That'

746
01:01:49.039 --> 01:01:52.840
s why on the porphyry day he
was called the hero of April 2nd,

747
01:01:52.000 --> 01:01:54.840
they take the city of Puebla.
It was blood and fire, by the

748
01:01:54.840 --> 01:01:59.239
way, where he lost his arm
to his compadre Manuel González, who would

749
01:01:59.320 --> 01:02:01.800
then be President. Well, he
went to Hasaño and fire, as Diaz

750
01:02:01.800 --> 01:02:07.519
took, Puebla, why, because
he knew Leonardo Marquez was coming. So,

751
01:02:07.880 --> 01:02:14.119
if he' s here in Puebla
and there' s an imperialist army

752
01:02:14.119 --> 01:02:16.960
there, yeah, and he gets
to Marquez between the two and beat Porfirio,

753
01:02:17.440 --> 01:02:21.360
then Porfirio has to make the decision. I have to face one and

754
01:02:21.400 --> 01:02:25.280
then I have to face the other
and then Porfirio Díaz decides blood and fire

755
01:02:25.400 --> 01:02:30.679
we take Puebla as place is taken
by the city of Puebla. Leonardo Márquez

756
01:02:30.679 --> 01:02:37.039
is approaching Puebla and now turns Porfirio
Díaz and throws himself against Leonardo Martiz and

757
01:02:37.159 --> 01:02:45.280
defeats him ahead of Cisco defeats and
smashes Leonardo Márquez. And Leonardo Márquez has

758
01:02:45.400 --> 01:02:49.320
no other choice but to flee to
Mexico City, with what he has left

759
01:02:50.000 --> 01:02:53.719
of the army of that famous cavalry, he locks himself here in Mexico City.

760
01:02:55.480 --> 01:03:00.000
What Porfirio Díaz does, after winning
the GS bino April, after defeating

761
01:03:00.119 --> 01:03:07.920
Leonardo Márquez, advances towards Mexico City
and besieged the city. At that time,

762
01:03:08.039 --> 01:03:13.079
the cities were besieging as Puebla was, as was Querétaro, as was

763
01:03:13.159 --> 01:03:17.639
Mexico City. Mexico City, which
is going to last for several days,

764
01:03:17.760 --> 01:03:23.320
is besieged twice the site of the
city. Now remember what Mexico City was

765
01:03:23.360 --> 01:03:28.800
like. Then much of it was
still surrounded by the lake, Lake Texcoco,

766
01:03:29.280 --> 01:03:34.800
and we had the garages and we
had the roads, for example,

767
01:03:35.159 --> 01:03:39.320
from here, from the Villa de
Guadalupe, hidalgo to the city. All

768
01:03:39.360 --> 01:03:45.400
this was the lake here ahead,
the lake almost started to peralbillo was lake.

769
01:03:45.119 --> 01:03:50.960
Then there was only Guadalupe' s
driveway, well that originally of the

770
01:03:51.039 --> 01:03:55.840
tired of the Mysteries was what united
Mexico City with the Villa of Guadalupe,

771
01:03:57.199 --> 01:04:01.239
and we had the road of Tacuba
and we had the driveway of Ermita,

772
01:04:01.719 --> 01:04:08.280
they were roads, there was still
too much water. So what Porfirio Díaz

773
01:04:08.679 --> 01:04:17.159
does is to advance via Tlaxcala and
then go down Apan and arrive here at

774
01:04:17.199 --> 01:04:24.440
the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo. Here
is the Army of Porfirio Díaz, the

775
01:04:24.440 --> 01:04:30.880
Army of the East and he will
put his headquarters here in front of the

776
01:04:30.960 --> 01:04:36.199
side of the Basilica. There he
will put his headquarters Porfirio Díaz and here

777
01:04:36.239 --> 01:04:40.719
is the Army of the East and
what he will do is to give orders

778
01:04:41.599 --> 01:04:46.119
to the whole army, to cover
all the garages and bridges, cover them

779
01:04:46.679 --> 01:04:54.079
and close Mexico City. Yeah,
he' s not going to attack her,

780
01:04:54.519 --> 01:04:59.480
he' s going to shut down
the city by checking in and who

781
01:04:59.480 --> 01:05:00.480
' s going out, and start
defeating the city by hunger. Yeah,

782
01:05:01.079 --> 01:05:06.119
we move on to the next one. Please, okay good. What'

783
01:05:06.119 --> 01:05:10.360
s going to happen while you'
re with Maximilian. Maximilian will surrender 15

784
01:05:10.400 --> 01:05:17.599
May, yes, and a trial
will begin against Maximilian. Maximilian will return

785
01:05:17.679 --> 01:05:21.159
him first. He was in the
convent of the Cross yesterday to his headquarters,

786
01:05:21.599 --> 01:05:26.960
the convent of the Cross that State
or what is next, not the

787
01:05:26.960 --> 01:05:30.400
convent of the East Cross that we
can visit, which is very famous.

788
01:05:31.239 --> 01:05:36.320
Here' s the convent. It
is very famous because in this part there

789
01:05:36.880 --> 01:05:42.400
is a tree that gives thorns in
the form of the Christian Cross, and

790
01:05:42.440 --> 01:05:45.039
it is very famous. That'
s why then people kind of buy that

791
01:05:45.480 --> 01:05:51.000
little pickle of those thorns. But
really here was the barracks, here was

792
01:05:51.039 --> 01:05:58.159
Maximiliano' s barracks and here,
aside we have this that they say is

793
01:05:58.239 --> 01:06:02.360
a recreation. Perhaps it could be
a recreation, but a recreation really based

794
01:06:02.599 --> 01:06:08.360
on one side of the convent of
the Cross. There' s still this

795
01:06:08.360 --> 01:06:11.679
hole. If you like, you
can visit him. There are several friends

796
01:06:11.760 --> 01:06:15.119
of Ruz Radio who have gone to
take the picture there, because this is

797
01:06:15.199 --> 01:06:19.920
the gap through which the Republican army
entered to take the convent of the Cross

798
01:06:20.159 --> 01:06:26.119
where Maximiliano was and they warn him
the Republicans are entering. He half-

799
01:06:26.559 --> 01:06:30.679
dresses, goes out, gets on
the horse in case he was too tall.

800
01:06:30.239 --> 01:06:32.960
Yes, he gets on his horse
and they advance towards the hill of

801
01:06:33.000 --> 01:06:36.159
the bells and that' s where
they make him a prisoner. And this

802
01:06:36.239 --> 01:06:42.440
space is still preserved, which was
for the Republican army. Here' s

803
01:06:42.559 --> 01:06:45.599
the badge that mentions that in that
place. That' s where he came

804
01:06:45.599 --> 01:06:50.000
in. That there' s a
whole story, uh, there' s

805
01:06:50.000 --> 01:06:57.639
a whole story where Colonel Miguel López, who was Maximiliano' s friend,

806
01:06:58.159 --> 01:07:01.760
spoke to Mariano Escobedo. Notice this
was revealed many years later, where Colonel

807
01:07:02.320 --> 01:07:08.760
López tells Mariano Escobedo that by order
that he is there by order of Maximiliano,

808
01:07:08.920 --> 01:07:15.280
and that Maximiliano is asking him for
the opportunity to surrender, but to

809
01:07:15.280 --> 01:07:23.239
pardon him and that he leaves Mexico
and promises never again to return. If

810
01:07:23.400 --> 01:07:29.320
that' s true, Friends,
the traitor was Maximilian Mejía. He died

811
01:07:29.400 --> 01:07:35.159
for him. Miramón died for him
and he was negotiating with Mariano Escobedo through

812
01:07:35.280 --> 01:07:43.400
Colonel López. What happens that Mariano
Escobedo, in his memoirs, wrote that

813
01:07:43.519 --> 01:07:47.400
talk and says that he told Lopez
he knows what with you or without you,

814
01:07:47.800 --> 01:07:54.159
we will take yes Queretaro as a
place. So there are no deals.

815
01:07:55.719 --> 01:07:59.599
And that same night through this hole
is where they can enter the republi

816
01:07:59.639 --> 01:08:08.159
and take prisoner Miramon, take prisoner
Mejía and take prisoner Maximiliano. But I

817
01:08:08.239 --> 01:08:13.599
have to tell you this. But
Miguel López, to see him was a

818
01:08:13.599 --> 01:08:19.159
colonel, who they think since Queretaro' s place ended, is the only

819
01:08:19.279 --> 01:08:25.520
one that allows him to leave.
From Queretaro came a safe conduct signed by

820
01:08:25.560 --> 01:08:30.720
Mariano Escobedo and presented it and let
it out as why it is understood that

821
01:08:30.800 --> 01:08:35.560
Mariano Escobedo told them no, I
make no deals with you, why the

822
01:08:35.600 --> 01:08:41.479
colonel came out. Yeah, why
he got out. He arrives in Mexico

823
01:08:41.520 --> 01:08:45.960
City and in a bank here,
in Mexico City he changes a check for

824
01:08:45.039 --> 01:08:51.800
five thousand pesos. Five thousand pesos
of those years and that' s where

825
01:08:51.920 --> 01:08:58.079
he goes to Puebla. He arrives
at his home in Puebla and this one

826
01:08:58.159 --> 01:09:01.079
and his wife, who already appears
or time have already shot Maximiliano. Everyone

827
01:09:01.159 --> 01:09:04.720
says Lopez was the one who handed
him over. He' s the one

828
01:09:04.720 --> 01:09:08.960
who turned him in. He'
s a traitor. When he arrives in

829
01:09:09.000 --> 01:09:13.560
Puebla and arrives with five thousand pesos, his wife tells them here in this

830
01:09:13.600 --> 01:09:16.279
house you can not enter or you
bring me my compadre back. You'

831
01:09:17.640 --> 01:09:20.600
re not going in barcylene. I
was dead and he won' t let

832
01:09:20.640 --> 01:09:25.079
him into his house, that is, he runs out of his house,

833
01:09:25.319 --> 01:09:29.039
he can' t see his children
or his wife anymore, and then he

834
01:09:29.119 --> 01:09:32.319
goes back to Mexico City. In
Mexico City, both liberals and conservatives see

835
01:09:32.399 --> 01:09:40.960
him badly for being a traitor,
he ends up going to Tacubaya. In

836
01:09:41.079 --> 01:09:45.800
Tacubaya, buy some baths and hide
that were thermal baths. And all that,

837
01:09:46.199 --> 01:09:51.000
he buys some bathrooms and he starts
to manage them with such bad luck

838
01:09:51.119 --> 01:09:57.600
that he went home and runs out
of any money and stays living on the

839
01:09:58.079 --> 01:10:01.920
street there, in Tacubaya. To
top it off, the only thing Colonel

840
01:10:01.920 --> 01:10:09.239
Miguel López had was a dog.
And the dog gives rage and bites and

841
01:10:09.439 --> 01:10:17.520
bites and spreads anger to Colonel Lopez
and dies of rage. So, for

842
01:10:17.560 --> 01:10:23.039
conservatives they say that' s God' s punishment for betraying the emperor.

843
01:10:23.760 --> 01:10:28.199
Yeah, he dies of rage,
there' s nowhere to bury him.

844
01:10:29.319 --> 01:10:33.079
Yes, and with money that'
s right there. I don' t

845
01:10:33.119 --> 01:10:39.279
know it' s gonna hit the
tepeyaje pantheon here It' s good,

846
01:10:39.760 --> 01:10:42.800
but not to go with the story. If you go to the tepeyaje pantheon,

847
01:10:43.720 --> 01:10:48.159
Miguel López' s grave is the
only one that is blank. There

848
01:10:48.239 --> 01:10:51.199
' s nothing written to the grave, yeah, that' s all.

849
01:10:51.199 --> 01:10:56.960
The tombstone is there, because it
has nothing to let anyone know, because

850
01:10:57.000 --> 01:11:00.560
it was so treacherous that it didn' t even tell me its grave to

851
01:11:00.560 --> 01:11:03.439
have its name. Obviously we know
that his grave is not because it is

852
01:11:03.520 --> 01:11:06.079
the only one that has no name, because we know that it is his.

853
01:11:06.439 --> 01:11:11.119
But for the time being, even
that didn' t deserve Colonel Lopez.

854
01:11:11.520 --> 01:11:13.960
Even that didn' t deserve a
grave with his name on it.

855
01:11:14.560 --> 01:11:16.880
Imagine all the misfortunes this guy had, because that' s what I'

856
01:11:16.960 --> 01:11:19.239
m telling you, you have to
tell them. That' s a great

857
01:11:19.319 --> 01:11:24.039
story, his story. Well,
it was all about this, but don

858
01:11:24.079 --> 01:11:27.479
' t broom. He says no, it wasn' t Lopez, it

859
01:11:27.520 --> 01:11:30.880
was actually sent by Maximiliano. Maximilian
was the one who betrayed them all.

860
01:11:30.319 --> 01:11:33.600
We move on to the next one. Please, well, here we are

861
01:11:34.239 --> 01:11:40.840
on what would already be the last
reducer. Yes, the convent of Capuchinas,

862
01:11:42.119 --> 01:11:45.800
which would be the last stronghold,
where he would be prisoner, Miramón

863
01:11:46.359 --> 01:11:51.039
Mejía and Maximiliano who when they moved
them to Capuchins, was not prepared,

864
01:11:53.000 --> 01:11:58.239
for it was a convent and took
the nuns out so they could get them

865
01:11:58.239 --> 01:12:01.960
in. Then, when they'
re taken, there are no cells,

866
01:12:02.399 --> 01:12:05.920
that is, where we put them, because put them down there in the

867
01:12:05.920 --> 01:12:13.119
basement. There was already in the
royal basement I swear they were the crypts

868
01:12:13.159 --> 01:12:16.840
and they put them down there to
the catacombs of the convent, to spend

869
01:12:16.920 --> 01:12:21.319
one night the first night they spent
it down there and no one was missing

870
01:12:21.319 --> 01:12:26.680
to say. Don' t smudge
them into the crypts to spend the night.

871
01:12:27.720 --> 01:12:30.520
But Mexicans are a soldier. So
he answered, that they might get

872
01:12:30.560 --> 01:12:35.920
used to it. No. Yeah, that' s where they were put

873
01:12:36.000 --> 01:12:40.680
that night, they spent it in
the middle of pure graves, and they

874
01:12:40.800 --> 01:12:43.880
already gave each of them their own
room. And that' s where they

875
01:12:44.560 --> 01:12:47.399
were imprisoned in what' s done
in their trial, yes, until they

876
01:12:48.079 --> 01:12:50.920
reached the day of the shooting.
This good one, here it is.

877
01:12:51.479 --> 01:12:57.560
This is the convent. It says
this house was the last prison where the

878
01:12:57.600 --> 01:13:02.880
Archduke of Austria was going Maximilian Joseph
and the generals said Miramón and Tomás Mejía

879
01:13:02.960 --> 01:13:09.399
went out to the gallows on the
morning of June 19th, one thousand eight

880
01:13:09.399 --> 01:13:15.039
hundred and sixty- seven, that
is yesterday one hundred and fifty- seven

881
01:13:15.119 --> 01:13:16.359
years ago, precisely to tell them
what we passed on to the next two.

882
01:13:16.960 --> 01:13:21.479
Talk to them about this. The
shooting has been discussed in many ways.

883
01:13:21.560 --> 01:13:26.279
The shooting of Varximiliano was a tragedy. What this is from novel novels

884
01:13:26.880 --> 01:13:32.279
entirely starting didn' t have this
position. This is a game of Manet

885
01:13:32.319 --> 01:13:45.880
that he hated this Napoleon Third and
draws Napoleon III here as a soldier more

886
01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:49.640
like insinuating he had to do with
the death of Maximianuel provoked death and draws

887
01:13:49.680 --> 01:13:56.880
in Napoleon III. There are others
who say, other people who say it

888
01:13:57.000 --> 01:14:00.720
' s not Napoleon Third, but
it' s porphyry days. We don

889
01:14:00.800 --> 01:14:06.640
' t really know who Manet wanted
to draw. Second, the Republican army

890
01:14:08.119 --> 01:14:12.520
didn' t have uniforms. See
here how elegant they are, they didn

891
01:14:12.520 --> 01:14:16.319
' t have uniforms. Moreover,
when Maximiliano is shot the other day he

892
01:14:16.880 --> 01:14:24.199
is already allowed to take photographs,
they say we want to take pictures of

893
01:14:24.239 --> 01:14:30.439
the firing squad that shoots him.
Eximillian, Mariano Escobedo authorized and then asked

894
01:14:30.439 --> 01:14:34.239
them to wear new uniforms. I
don' t have the picture, but

895
01:14:34.239 --> 01:14:39.600
you can find it where you look
in uniforms. Well, big boys were

896
01:14:39.640 --> 01:14:44.720
new uniforms. Nothing more for the
pure photo, because they were really uprooted.

897
01:14:44.800 --> 01:14:48.119
They were uprooted people, because that
was the Republican army. But here

898
01:14:48.159 --> 01:14:54.119
Manet makes them very, very elegant, very elegant to all that was not

899
01:14:54.119 --> 01:14:59.760
so. And in addition, each
one had his own firing squad and Maximilian,

900
01:15:00.000 --> 01:15:02.159
who dies watching him face to face, dies on the right side and

901
01:15:02.279 --> 01:15:06.319
in the center puts Miramon. We
move on to the next one. Please,

902
01:15:06.600 --> 01:15:12.520
and well, this picture is real. That picture is completely real.

903
01:15:13.039 --> 01:15:16.159
It' s Maximiliano' s body, since he' s shot. I

904
01:15:16.159 --> 01:15:20.119
tell you there' s a whole
story about Maximilian' s death. How

905
01:15:20.199 --> 01:15:26.000
did you get what this one said, how do you give him the shot

906
01:15:26.000 --> 01:15:29.000
of grace. First a bullet in
his heart, he gets his clothes lit

907
01:15:29.439 --> 01:15:32.600
and then, then, he supposedly
arrives at Aureliano Blanquette, who was a

908
01:15:32.680 --> 01:15:36.439
soldier at that time who would later
be the traitor against Francisco I Madero.

909
01:15:36.800 --> 01:15:40.840
Well, he was talking about him
being the one who gave him the shot

910
01:15:40.920 --> 01:15:44.560
of grace. Maximilian is carried in
the body that the body does not occupy

911
01:15:44.600 --> 01:15:46.920
in the drawer. That' s
true. I didn' t take it

912
01:15:47.000 --> 01:15:50.359
in the drawer was bigger than they
thought. They' re taking him to

913
01:15:51.600 --> 01:15:56.159
Dr Licea' s making arrangements for
the body. But aside, it'

914
01:15:56.159 --> 01:16:00.960
s true, Dr Licea cut off
his beard and started selling pieces of his

915
01:16:00.960 --> 01:16:05.479
beard. Then, rich ladies,
they carried their handkerchiefs so that he would

916
01:16:05.560 --> 01:16:10.319
dip them in the Emperor' s
blood and keep it as a relic.

917
01:16:10.840 --> 01:16:15.119
And some also say that it'
s true, coughing not that Dr Licea

918
01:16:15.359 --> 01:16:20.199
said an occasion when he was doing
body preparation, that he had never imagined

919
01:16:21.039 --> 01:16:27.439
washing his hands in imperial blood.
Yeah, because, well, I was

920
01:16:27.520 --> 01:16:30.239
pulling out his viscera to fix the
body. They had to remove his viscera,

921
01:16:31.159 --> 01:16:38.119
but he did very bad conservation work
on Maximilian' s body. But

922
01:16:38.199 --> 01:16:43.640
aside, this is the second drawer. The first canjon had a little window,

923
01:16:44.720 --> 01:16:48.960
as Ahorita gets used to. Then
many people wanted to meet him and

924
01:16:49.359 --> 01:16:55.760
say that a soldier, as he
approached, took over the little window and

925
01:16:55.840 --> 01:17:00.159
crashed it in such a way that
air began to enter the body. The

926
01:17:00.159 --> 01:17:05.159
body is brought to Mexico City and
on the way twice they dropped their coffin

927
01:17:05.239 --> 01:17:11.760
and rolled the coffin over a ravine
and fell into rivers and soaked the body

928
01:17:12.239 --> 01:17:20.359
completely. Then came wet the obvious
body that began to break down. Then

929
01:17:20.439 --> 01:17:25.039
they bring him and put him in
the chapel of San Andrés, which is

930
01:17:25.039 --> 01:17:29.399
in front of the Mining Palace.
It was a hospital where right now the

931
01:17:29.439 --> 01:17:32.119
horse is and all that. It
was a hospital and there was a chapel

932
01:17:32.119 --> 01:17:36.600
St Andrew. That' s where
Baximiliano' s body takes him and that

933
01:17:36.840 --> 01:17:42.760
' s where they make him the
second embalming. But to do the embalming,

934
01:17:44.079 --> 01:17:48.680
they had to hang him from his
feet to drain the liquids and then

935
01:17:48.800 --> 01:17:53.520
pump new liquids into him. Yeah, then those eyes they have aren'

936
01:17:53.560 --> 01:17:59.399
t his. What they' re
saying is that the eyes just like Dr

937
01:18:00.640 --> 01:18:02.760
Licea sold them and ran out of
eyes. Then they got the eyes of

938
01:18:02.920 --> 01:18:06.119
a virgin yes, and it is
the eyes that put him, that is,

939
01:18:06.640 --> 01:18:11.319
two marbles. That' s what
they put on his beard They had

940
01:18:11.399 --> 01:18:15.439
already sold him, and his mustache
and that beard that has a false beard.

941
01:18:16.560 --> 01:18:23.039
The truth is that poor quat good
there you have it. That'

942
01:18:23.159 --> 01:18:28.520
s when Juárez meets him. Juárez
returns to Mexico City Porfirio Díaz returns to

943
01:18:28.600 --> 01:18:32.239
Mexico City, and that' s
when he is in Maximiliano' s body.

944
01:18:34.079 --> 01:18:41.119
But what do you think everyone told
you to send them the body,

945
01:18:41.319 --> 01:18:44.680
don' t send them the Dominican
body, not until they ask me.

946
01:18:44.760 --> 01:18:47.000
They' re not a son of
a bitch like you' re a Sangron.

947
01:18:47.319 --> 01:18:55.560
They don' t know what Benito
Juárez was waiting for, recognition as

948
01:18:55.600 --> 01:18:59.279
President and recognition as a nation.
That' s what Juárez was waiting for.

949
01:18:59.319 --> 01:19:01.840
As long as they don' t
ask me, recognizing Mexico as a

950
01:19:01.880 --> 01:19:04.439
nation and I, as President,
don' t give them anything. It

951
01:19:04.560 --> 01:19:13.039
took five months for the Government of
Austria, France and Austria to formally request

952
01:19:13.039 --> 01:19:17.720
this from the Government of Mexico.
This was a recognition of our State.

953
01:19:19.079 --> 01:19:25.720
That' s why Benito Juárez took
hold and that' s when he enters

954
01:19:25.720 --> 01:19:30.399
Mexico City, it' s the
triumph of the Republics in July of one

955
01:19:30.399 --> 01:19:32.279
thousand eight hundred and fifty- seven, it' s the triumph of the

956
01:19:32.279 --> 01:19:39.760
Republic. We spent the next few
hours and, well, this is what

957
01:19:39.800 --> 01:19:44.800
they made progress, well a little
further to Chihuahua. But let' s

958
01:19:44.880 --> 01:19:49.560
say it' s the strongest thing
we' ve ever had on the part

959
01:19:49.560 --> 01:19:53.079
of the imperialists, the one that
stigulators a. And finally, Juárez takes

960
01:19:53.159 --> 01:20:00.279
Porfirio Díaz. Take Mexico City,
Porfirio Díaz. This one I tell you

961
01:20:00.279 --> 01:20:03.279
already has the support him. From
before, he had offered support for Queretaro

962
01:20:03.319 --> 01:20:08.479
and Juarez tells him not to expect
you in Mexico City and I am going

963
01:20:08.600 --> 01:20:11.680
to send support to you to take
Mexico City and tell them it arrived riba

964
01:20:11.760 --> 01:20:15.199
to Palacio, Ramón Corona arrived and
then the Porfirio Day delivery of Mexico City

965
01:20:15.239 --> 01:20:24.960
to Benito Juárez and triumphs the Republic. I wanted to save this photo for

966
01:20:25.039 --> 01:20:29.880
the last one. Yeah, this
picture. Let me tell you that it

967
01:20:30.520 --> 01:20:33.840
was my partner Manuel, I tell
you our Secretary of Education, who did

968
01:20:33.840 --> 01:20:36.039
me a favor to get the photographs. Then we, well which we already

969
01:20:36.159 --> 01:20:41.479
located. The place and all this, this place you bring back loris.

970
01:20:43.199 --> 01:20:47.640
This place is here, behind the
New Basilica, here it is behind the

971
01:20:47.680 --> 01:20:55.720
road of mysteries and has here this
is the headquarters of Porfirio Díaz. When

972
01:20:55.840 --> 01:21:00.880
they take Mexico City, their barracks
were here a few meters away. We

973
01:21:00.880 --> 01:21:04.920
' re back, Poquito dores.
Up here, as you can see,

974
01:21:05.199 --> 01:21:12.439
all this archery is blocked, yes, and there is a plaque where it

975
01:21:12.520 --> 01:21:17.199
says that this place says In this
house was the headquarters of the Army of

976
01:21:17.239 --> 01:21:21.760
the Orient under the command of general
citizen Porfirio Díaz, during the siege of

977
01:21:21.800 --> 01:21:26.359
Mexico of one thousand eight hundred and
sixty- seven, Guadalupe Hidalgo, twenty

978
01:21:26.359 --> 01:21:27.560
- first of June of one thousand
nine hundred and eight. There' s

979
01:21:27.680 --> 01:21:30.000
the badge. It' s back
here. We' re using dollars again.

980
01:21:30.039 --> 01:21:35.399
Please. This is the sad thing, Friends, this is the sad

981
01:21:35.399 --> 01:21:42.960
thing. It' s no idea
to polemicize. But though Porphyry Days later,

982
01:21:43.800 --> 01:21:45.680
for yes, he would stain his
own name, because he did,

983
01:21:46.039 --> 01:21:50.000
he stained his name. Yeah,
but it' s still a national monument.

984
01:21:50.760 --> 01:21:56.039
It doesn' t stop. That' s where the Army of the

985
01:21:56.039 --> 01:22:00.560
East stood. This was the headquarters
of Porfirio Diaz. He' s a

986
01:22:00.640 --> 01:22:04.000
monkey of our history. I can
talk to you like this. I quickly

987
01:22:04.000 --> 01:22:08.720
had the opportunity to meet my great- grandmother. I come from a very

988
01:22:09.199 --> 01:22:11.199
long- lived family and my grandmothers
died one hundred and four years old.

989
01:22:12.039 --> 01:22:15.520
My grandmother was born in one thousand
eight hundred and ninety. Yeah, my

990
01:22:15.640 --> 01:22:19.119
great- grandmother was born out there
from one thousand eight hundred sixty- five.

991
01:22:20.279 --> 01:22:26.000
So, my great- grandmother is
from that time and I at that

992
01:22:26.039 --> 01:22:30.359
time, when I remember, I
say I met my great- grandmother and

993
01:22:30.159 --> 01:22:33.680
she was from that time a child. But it' s that time then

994
01:22:33.760 --> 01:22:38.479
I met someone who lived that time. Yes, but very little. Joseph

995
01:22:38.520 --> 01:22:41.920
' s word with her. She
died when I was very young, but

996
01:22:41.960 --> 01:22:44.119
I got to talk to her.
We never talked about history, or anything

997
01:22:44.119 --> 01:22:47.680
like that, but I got to
talk to her. So this is part

998
01:22:47.760 --> 01:22:51.279
of my own story. This is
my story and this is the story of

999
01:22:51.359 --> 01:22:56.760
all of you, friends, friends, this is part of you, that

1000
01:22:56.760 --> 01:22:58.880
is, the story, is all
of us. The story isn' t

1001
01:22:58.920 --> 01:23:02.319
someone' s in particular, that' s all of us. So,

1002
01:23:03.079 --> 01:23:10.000
this is for me like having those
old photo albums. It' s my

1003
01:23:10.319 --> 01:23:13.000
photos, yes, but that I
can' t have a photo album.

1004
01:23:13.079 --> 01:23:16.000
I' ve got it on the
streets. So, when we see this

1005
01:23:16.079 --> 01:23:23.840
a national monument, all plotted,
all grated up, they' ll even

1006
01:23:23.880 --> 01:23:27.279
have an idea of what this place
means to our history. You have no

1007
01:23:27.319 --> 01:23:30.800
idea. But if we tell them
don' t do it anymore, they

1008
01:23:30.800 --> 01:23:33.279
' re gonna do it. Even
more are they going to do it?

1009
01:23:33.399 --> 01:23:39.479
Why? Because, unfortunately, we
have people who are antisocial, yes,

1010
01:23:40.039 --> 01:23:44.640
and who all see it as a
provocation. So if we say to see,

1011
01:23:45.039 --> 01:23:47.760
keep this which is a historical monument, it' s part of our

1012
01:23:47.760 --> 01:23:51.359
history. It' s like seeing
a picture of the memory album. Yeah,

1013
01:23:51.399 --> 01:23:57.760
and suddenly we see this vandalism.
How sad, how sad to see

1014
01:23:57.840 --> 01:24:01.079
this situation. When the first fors
was sent to me, Manuel gave me

1015
01:24:01.159 --> 01:24:06.720
great pleasure because I placed the house
later and he says I no longer found

1016
01:24:08.119 --> 01:24:11.760
it and that he sends me the
photographs and everything, and when we saw

1017
01:24:11.880 --> 01:24:17.840
how everything was graphed from that son, how sad that how we graphed our

1018
01:24:18.359 --> 01:24:21.479
story, what a pity all the
stories that are locked in there. Our

1019
01:24:21.520 --> 01:24:28.159
story is very big, very big. We have eleven years on radio talking

1020
01:24:28.399 --> 01:24:30.960
every eight days. Yeah, we' re not done and we' re

1021
01:24:31.000 --> 01:24:34.279
not gonna end up and we'
re finding more and more things to talk

1022
01:24:34.279 --> 01:24:36.760
about than to tell. Our story
is very big and it' s what

1023
01:24:36.840 --> 01:24:41.720
gives us identity. In the end, we are here from the State of

1024
01:24:41.840 --> 01:24:45.199
Mexico, others from Hidalgo, others
from Michoacán, what do I know,

1025
01:24:45.560 --> 01:24:47.399
but in the end we are all
Mexicans and this story is that of all

1026
01:24:47.399 --> 01:24:55.239
of us. Yes, then I
like the mayor Gustavo to Madero, who

1027
01:24:55.239 --> 01:25:00.800
used to be the village of Guadalupe
Hidalgo. A friend like that once told

1028
01:25:00.840 --> 01:25:03.880
me," Hey, I loved
Gustavo Madrio' s lecture, because we

1029
01:25:03.920 --> 01:25:08.279
didn' t know who Gustavo was
to Madero. It' s good that

1030
01:25:08.479 --> 01:25:12.279
many people realized who Francisco' s
brother was and how he died and all

1031
01:25:12.279 --> 01:25:15.760
this, but the mayor' s
office has a lot of history, a

1032
01:25:15.760 --> 01:25:17.600
lot of history. That' s
why I emphasized that Maximilian passed through here.

1033
01:25:17.960 --> 01:25:23.039
Here was the headquarters of Porfirio Diaz. To what have happened so many

1034
01:25:23.600 --> 01:25:27.239
facts in this place, in this
space, beginning because it was the temple

1035
01:25:28.239 --> 01:25:31.840
of Tonazi and that pilgrimages from long
before the conquest, were already made at

1036
01:25:31.960 --> 01:25:39.199
this point. The last time he
could, as a good thing, not

1037
01:25:39.720 --> 01:25:45.159
commune but pray José María Morelos was
here at the deposit when they took him

1038
01:25:45.279 --> 01:25:49.279
out of the center of what is
this, the Biblioteca México. Ibalders got

1039
01:25:51.079 --> 01:25:56.039
him out of there and he asked
permission to pray to the Virgin and they

1040
01:25:56.159 --> 01:25:59.039
didn' t leave him. He
was not allowed to enter the Basilica.

1041
01:25:59.399 --> 01:26:02.119
He had to pray in the well
and from there he went to give Ecatepec,

1042
01:26:02.279 --> 01:26:08.760
where he was shot so many stories
that there are here in the village

1043
01:26:08.880 --> 01:26:12.760
Gustavo to Madero, so many stories, yes, it is more some even

1044
01:26:12.760 --> 01:26:15.680
fearful. I don' t give
you an example. If anyone here from

1045
01:26:15.720 --> 01:26:19.319
the industrialist, please let that quiet
man not say, but half the industrial

1046
01:26:19.439 --> 01:26:27.439
colony was a pantheon and the houses
are on a royal pantheon. Yeah,

1047
01:26:27.479 --> 01:26:31.319
it was a pantheon. Then,
when people have burrowed from the sea,

1048
01:26:31.560 --> 01:26:36.479
they find bones and then, just
as they discreetly do, they cover the

1049
01:26:36.560 --> 01:26:40.600
ground because it was a pantheon.
I mean, there are so many stories

1050
01:26:40.640 --> 01:26:45.560
here, in this mayor' s
office, yes, that I tell you,

1051
01:26:45.560 --> 01:26:49.359
but they' re not my stories, it' s the story of

1052
01:26:49.359 --> 01:26:51.520
all of us and they deserve to
be told. Then the invitation and I

1053
01:26:51.600 --> 01:26:57.760
speak in the sense Manuel is that
in following practices we have, because telling

1054
01:26:57.800 --> 01:27:00.760
them many of these stories, of
this mayor' s office or what this

1055
01:27:00.760 --> 01:27:02.399
mayor' s office has seen,
that I tell them is a lot.

1056
01:27:02.720 --> 01:27:05.920
It' s a lot. We
would not talk exclusively about the mayor'

1057
01:27:06.119 --> 01:27:09.520
s office of everything, but about
the whole context. Why he passed by

1058
01:27:09.560 --> 01:27:13.439
to kill them. It' s
tragic. His shooting was a terrible thing.

1059
01:27:14.119 --> 01:27:19.279
Yes, the sadness of his shooting. Why here to see you come

1060
01:27:20.000 --> 01:27:25.319
up to see is that it is
to join the new Basilica to the old

1061
01:27:25.600 --> 01:27:30.159
Basilica and here is the collegiate one. Yeah, if you guys turn behind

1062
01:27:30.359 --> 01:27:35.560
the schoolgirl there' s a whole
big door. That' s where half

1063
01:27:36.520 --> 01:27:45.840
of the national territory was handed over. There was a badge there I saw

1064
01:27:45.840 --> 01:27:49.199
it I saw it. I swear
to you, I saw the badge where

1065
01:27:49.199 --> 01:27:54.279
it said. In this place the
Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaties were signed, on February

1066
01:27:54.319 --> 01:28:00.840
2, 1, 848, which
incriminated the clergy. How is it possible

1067
01:28:00.880 --> 01:28:05.640
that in the middle of Guadalupe Village, Yes, because the American soldiers who

1068
01:28:05.640 --> 01:28:12.640
were camping in the mall killed the
people. Then they no longer knew what

1069
01:28:13.079 --> 01:28:15.119
to do and the clergy told them
not to worry. I brought them here

1070
01:28:15.560 --> 01:28:19.760
and nobody does anything to them and
brought them here to the American army.

1071
01:28:20.760 --> 01:28:28.600
Here we had the invading army here
a few meters away and that badge framed

1072
01:28:29.039 --> 01:28:32.279
them and removed it. Yeah,
so, how much story. And here,

1073
01:28:32.680 --> 01:28:38.039
this railway station that we have here
and what happened has no history?

1074
01:28:39.119 --> 01:28:42.000
Yes, here I was at the
tip of Matana, Venuscene carranza, here,

1075
01:28:42.439 --> 01:28:45.760
a few meters away about to kill
a carranza. He had to get

1076
01:28:45.840 --> 01:28:48.279
off on a locomotive. Now you' ve done the mochacha. He had

1077
01:28:48.319 --> 01:28:53.359
to get off on a locomotive and
they started following him with bullets. Yeah,

1078
01:28:53.439 --> 01:28:57.560
here, at this three- station. So I was talking to the

1079
01:28:57.560 --> 01:29:00.399
lucus. Manuel told them, and
he liked the idea that we should talk

1080
01:29:00.479 --> 01:29:04.720
about so many stories that he has
is mayor. Yeah, so, that

1081
01:29:04.760 --> 01:29:08.800
' ll be for the next time. We' ll agree to the date

1082
01:29:08.880 --> 01:29:13.800
with Manuel and we' ll let
you know Thank you very much for joining

1083
01:29:13.800 --> 01:29:15.640
us. It' s my pleasure
to be with you and to talk to

1084
01:29:15.640 --> 01:29:20.359
you. I' m telling you
your sad story, that we end up

1085
01:29:20.359 --> 01:29:26.359
with this sad picture pity, but
well, it' s up to us

1086
01:29:26.439 --> 01:29:31.880
to keep our story and move on
to the last one, and no more

1087
01:29:32.000 --> 01:29:34.479
than two this one and then it' s good that they' re going

1088
01:29:34.479 --> 01:29:36.319
to put it on and nothing else
is goodbye. Thank you, Manuel,

1089
01:29:36.680 --> 01:29:41.960
thank you for Veras' invitation and
thank you all for being here, for

1090
01:29:42.039 --> 01:29:45.680
holding us now. Yeah, we' re out of time. I think

1091
01:29:45.720 --> 01:29:47.880
it was very pleasant and, for
my part, it was all. Thank

1092
01:29:47.920 --> 01:30:08.640
you very much. On the way
up, my partner, Manuel, comes

1093
01:30:09.439 --> 01:30:13.239
up, let me make you a
commercial. We' ve told them that

1094
01:30:13.359 --> 01:30:15.960
we' re theater people. Well, it turns out right now. We

1095
01:30:16.079 --> 01:30:20.840
' re presenting with the theater company, which I' d like to direct

1096
01:30:20.960 --> 01:30:27.199
Visler' s vagina monologues. We' re presenting them in our space,

1097
01:30:27.880 --> 01:30:31.039
but we' re talking to Manuel' s degree and we' re going

1098
01:30:31.039 --> 01:30:32.760
to give a totally free feature here. Hey, it' s totally ratty.

1099
01:30:33.159 --> 01:30:35.680
Here. It' s going to
happen here, it' s going

1100
01:30:35.680 --> 01:30:47.079
to play. All right. Oh
yeah, right, right, right,

1101
01:30:48.840 --> 01:31:00.960
hard or free entry can bring all
the guests you like here we' re gonna be