El papel de la mujer en la historia

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Done hello everyone as it is there. My name is Juan Jesús Vallejo.

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I' m a journalist, writer
and director of the Mystery Night program on

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Caracol Radio. They went from making
priestesses and goddesses to being burned by the

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Holy Inquisition. During the Middle Ages, the role of women over time has

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not been easy, relegated to the
background, even discriminated against for millennia.

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However, there were women who were
able to cope with this. For example,

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Cleopatra, Egypt' s last pharaoh. This woman who knew countless languages

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at that time, who was an
intellectual, with her beauty and her intelligence,

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was able to put in check the
greatest power of the time Roman empire

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centuries later, for example, and
Homeland of Alexandria. She was the scientific

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woman who recovered all the values and
all the science that was in the ancient

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library of this city of Alexandria,
in Egypt, and that cost her.

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Life was executed by the Coptic Christian
followers of the time, in short,

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women who were rebels and who faced
their destiny. But if you want to

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know much more about this, don' t lose. The last mystery night

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podcast on Caracol Radio, The role
of women in mystery night history. Juan

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Jesús Vallejo was named Margaret thel Born
in the year 1, 800 seventy-

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six in Holland, in the midst
of a very humble family. His father

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was a hatter since childhood, wrapped
in hatred and violence to his parents,

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with a thousand problems in the house. They ended up separating and she was

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a charitable institution to study, an
institution in which she suffered abuse by her

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teachers. At the age of nineteen
he left that institution and married a military

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man, his specific name Rudolf Macleot. He marries Rudolf Macleot and this military

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man is sent to Indonesia, specifically
to the island of Java. There she

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is also again victim of nora abuse
and her husband' s alcohol problems,

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so she decides to return to Europe
and become a dancer, the first erotic

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dancer in history, with the name
Matahari, which means in Malay eye of

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the day. He invented a whole
history of his past life, which was

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false, said that he was a
princess, left, dyed his skin in

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darker colors to look oriental and in
the coffee shops of different places in Europe

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began to dance wrapped in silky cloths. She said she had learned the secret

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dances of Hinduism, the dances the
courtesans did to the majarajas in India.

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And the fact is that, with
the contoneo of his hips, Europe went

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mad and began to meet characters of
a lot of money and had sex with

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them for much more money. And
that woman who had trouble in her life

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because of men, decided to take
advantage of her beauty to get as much

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money as possible. And this was
until World War I came and in Madrid,

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in one of those coffee shops,
he met the German ambassador Arnold bonn

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Cale and Arnon Bong Callet offered to
be a spy of the German Empire and

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then, when he had relations with
French officials, he took information from them

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that sent his code name to Germany
or r to GNS H two one.

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But he was a double agent,
since the men had mistreated him. He

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did the same with the French.
He had relations with German characters of some

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importance and passed information to the French
deep down. Matahari, I repeat her

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name, Margaretzel, was a once
convulsive seeker, where she was born into

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a very humble family, I repeat, and in addition, men always mistreated

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her. The fact is that,
I repeat, its beauty drove Europe mad.

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And so it was until the fifteenth
of October of a thousand nine hundred

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and seventeen. A few days earlier, Matahari was arrested by the French secret

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services. Your crime of spying was
really a double agent. So little of

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the information she moved had great relevance. The reality of this intrahistory that has

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appeared in different media for a few
years now is that France was going so

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badly in the war that it occurred
to them to put a Turkish head someone

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famous like Matahari to blame him for
the disasters that were on the front.

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And that 15th of October of nineteen
hundred and seventeen, Hari killed was shot

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and went as far as the platoon
was waiting for her along with two nuns

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and her lawyer and this lady who
made history and became legend. Just before

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the firing squad ended her life,
she said not to cover her face that

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she wanted to see her executioners,
the same men who had mistreated her throughout

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her life and before she was shot, she kissed them and winked. I

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imagine those children of the firing squad, trembling before such wonderful beauty the story

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of Marta Hari Margarethel, a woman
who drove Europe mad, a woman who

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was a seeker, I repeat in
a time convulsive and violent, victimized by

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violence by many men. And I
tell you the story of Margaret Zel because

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today' s show is about the
role of women in history. Thousands of

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years of self- degradation went from
being goddesses in ancient times to witches in

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the inquisition and burned at the stake. However, without women, neither you

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nor I could exist, as they
are our mothers, a totally mistreated figure

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throughout history that now, from the
beginning of the twentieth century, begins to

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have the role it deserves in society, a strong embrace to all mothers and

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all women. Never stop dreaming.
You will be what you want to be

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like that sensual adventurer matajari, challenging
a changing world and at war at the

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beginning of the 20th century, a
woman who, by her talent and sensuality,

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became a legend. My name is
Juan Jesús Vallejo. What you want

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to follow me on social media.
In my tweets, Juan ge Vallejo,

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Juan j Vallejo, on Instagram and
Facebook Juan Jesús Vallejo. And this is

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another mystery night show. And here
what we do is mystery journalism. We

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put the facts on the table and
you decide what is behind it and that

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not today a program where we are
going to dive in the life and work

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of fascinating women in history, women
who were breakers in their time and who

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marked an entire epoch. You know
I' m doing an author' s

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trip. In the second fortnight of
September of this year I will be making

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an author' s trip to Egypt, to sail through the magical Hilo,

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to walk along the lavish shadow of
the pyramids on the Giza plateau, to

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find and rediscover a magical world full
of mystery on a journey that I assure

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you will be transformative. All the
information of this trip you have more travel

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Juan Jesús Vallejo com on the web
travel Juan Jesús Vallejo, com through to

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live the mystery and the magic.
And anyway, I also have to tell

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you that tremendously happy because the data
from Caracol Radio this month has been tremendous

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for specifically, eighteen million listeners a
day of the s So we are the

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first radio group in Colombia. Alejandro
Bernal, as you were, buddy,

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good night. Very well, Juan, a greeting for You, for Richie,

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for all the listeners, not only
on the night of the mystery,

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but for Caracol Radio for making Prisa
Media the most important radio group in the

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country nge with a figure of forty- two million listeners spread across all the

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platforms of Prisa Media, among which
are involved the radio, the streaming,

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the social networks and other platforms of
distribution Juange and a consolidation of musical brands,

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of the musical stations of Prisa Media, which consolidate a figure of twenty

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- eight million listeners. Thank you
very much to all of you for being

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part of this great family haste Amidia, of which we are here on Caracol

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Radio, leading the information stations Juan
Gel Radio spoken. It is a privilege

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for you to allow us to reach
your homes. And thank you all very

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much for making us the most listened
podcast in Colombia. Many thanks to all,

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the woman at the base of the
society John Gef Ah. Yes,

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I mean, it' s that
simple and we should have a program not

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only because of the importance that many
women have in history, because they had

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also asked us on social networks and
this time, Juange we have a great

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teacher of journalism friend of the house, not only of Caracol Radio, but

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the program Nesto arming the sate and
with him we are doing a tour with

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some of the most impressive women in
history, some exciting stories, adventurous women

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advanced all their time. And,
as the master ourestor said, arming the

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sate, there are many girls,
there are many women and many men who

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think that feminism is something new And
today we are going to show that feminism

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is very old, especially that there
are some very women who anticipated everything.

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There were women who fought so that, in fact, to have a place

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in society, there is a very
remarkable place in society. And, moreover,

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in time to exact convulsion, I
do not have time to interview or

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half the script as always, but
you will understand in this podcast really what

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was the role of women in history, as many of them were commendable fighters

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and the interview with Nestor al Mando
Alzate torn off like this, the woman

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was relegated in history always a background, since we lived in total and absolutely

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patriarchal societies. Today, however,
what we want to talk about is the

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role of women in the history of
some women who changed history, of some

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women who, because of their intelligence, their courage or other issues, really

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left a mark on history, just
as we are going to talk about,

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for example, how they were so
unfairly persecuted by the Catholic Church in the

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Middle Ages for centuries by the Holy
Inquisition, a role of women in history

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that was not really easy. But
the person who has a wonderful YouTube channel

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that is already almost about 2,
000 subscribers that has been made, I

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think YouTube is more important in mystery
journalism in Colombia, but in Latin America.

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He' s my good friend,
Nestor Almando Alzate, who has a

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YouTube channel called Nestor Armando Alzate and
super recommended logic YouTube channel and who has

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made a lot of videos about one
of these women. Nestor friend, how

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are you, John, thank you
so much with Jesus. A greeting to

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Alejo bernal for all listeners of mystery
night in snail and seriously that if I

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am among those of Latin America,
not I still do not believe it?

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That I have certain I' m
going for 190, 000 subscribers, I

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still don' t believe it.
But if they' re tall, I

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assume for one to say good,
because right now they were telling me.

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I met someone saying hello youtuber,
I youtuber, yes, because I don

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' t believe it. Anyway,
I' m deeply pleased to do what

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I do, tell stories. I
live with every story I tell is my

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life itself. And if, besides
that, I am invited to a program

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as a night of mystery and I
am invited by a portent of mystery journalist

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Juan Jesús Vallejo, and a journalist
so applied with as much knowledge as bernal

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legit, I feel the most privileged
of all privileged and we are another happy

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to have tetica. We haven'
t had you in months, and he

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was already telling people why you'
re not taking Nestor out, since it

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' s easy that I' m
calling him and getting back from the other

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time. Here to Nestor arming up
and here, Alejandro and I also let

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him make tremendously happy to see your
success on YouTube how he shot himself and

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friend, you deserve it for your
work, because you are a juror who,

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to a large extent, that to
a large extent is due to the

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two of you to a large extent
this is happening. Thank you so much.

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Again, I won' t get
tired of saying it. Here I

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become a little brotherly family, in
the mystery family, since we are four

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madmen. I love that there is
this community born in Colombia as in all

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of Latin America. Hey, Nestor, why you' ve started putting in

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more videos about women' s history
lately. Now that it' s happened,

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just last week was the date for
Women' s Day. Why you

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' ve started putting a lot more
women' s stories on your YouTube channel.

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Why? Why? John Jesus,
I believe that throughout history we have

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been very unjust to women and I
believe that they, in the hour of

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truth, have been the true builders
of humanity, for good or for evil.

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Remember that Louis XIV, when someone
came to them with a problem,

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the first thing that asked Chechel the
fam who the woman is, because it

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was assumed that, if it was
good, there was a woman and if

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it was bad, there was also
a woman behind it. And even those

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that have been considered perverse to say
have been portents of women tell me Cleopatra,

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for example, Catherine, the great
one? Imagine Catherine, the great

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Who more, not many, many, that is, and Patia of Alexandria,

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yes, patia of Alexandria, Aspasia, the great philosopher Agnodiche, who

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was the first gynecobstetra that existed,
that is, even something that we do

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daily when someone says do not do
it to me in the bathroom of Mary

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Mary, the Jew, the alchemist, who invented that in the first century

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of Christ' s Chris, that
is, you find that always, always,

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always, always, there is a
woman, for example, someone who

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molded Europe remembers it was the Lionor
of Aquitaine, who was the wife of

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two kings, who was queen of
two nations, wife of Louis VII of

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Frank and wife of Henry II of
England, and who practically for her,

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because they fought for a beard.
I don' t know if you know

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that story. I' ll tell
you that very quickly. We have time,

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tell me calmly. It turns out
she married Louis VII of France.

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His father was a feudal man who
owned all the French Brittany, Aquitaine,

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all bitten, owner of half France. And then, obviously, he gave

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King Louis VII of France as dowry
for her all that territory. Turns out

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they left the first crusade. She
left with her husband and was active in

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the camps and so on, a
woman of arms to take and beautiful.

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And then it turns out that when
they came back, he shaved, cut

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his beard. He told her no
precon you' re going to cut your

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beard and that' s where your
charm is and he said no. I

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cut it.“ Let it grow
there,” he said“ Then they

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did not start a marriage dispute over
a beard. Then came the time when

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they simply divorced. They handled the
popes at that time that gave them the

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honors they wanted. They separated and
soon married Henry II of England. Then

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he asked the King of France to
return his dowry to him all that Middle

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France territory for obvious reasons. The
King said no. I don' t

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give that back to him. Then
began the war of the hundred years,

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which lasted three hundred and one years, from a thousand one hundred and fifty

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- two to a thousand three hundred
and fifty- four hundred years, and

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began with a shaved beard. She
hit England. She was the mother of

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Ricardo Corazón, of Leon and of
John without land those two Englishmen, the

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one who stood out in the crusades, who did not want to rule,

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but rather to be a knight-
errant, and the other, who was

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one of the most perverse beings who
ever existed than to the influence of him,

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was that Robin Hood grew up.
He was the one who, by

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his attitude, caused the feudal lords
to get confused with him and demand that

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he sign a document in which they
proclaimed equality of human beings. Everyone has

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the right to a fair trial,
all that is the basic principles of fundamental

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rights that were then made manifest in
the French Revolution. It was there the

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Magna Carta in one thousand two hundred
fifteen, and Leonor of Aquitaine was the

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mother of them two, wife of
Louis VII, wife of Henry II and

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who molded Europe from that war of
the hundred years Leonor of Aquitaine and it

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00:19:51.319 --> 00:19:53.359
is holy to see why your Canal
is successful. It also has tonal of

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accounts those stories very well in memory, indecision and notice for not shaving the

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truth. Some bezan have to give
you something impressive about Leonor of Aquitaine,

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about what Master Néstor Armando said.
It is that it is told here,

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at the Second Crusade, when Bernardo
arrives to declare and urges the monarch of

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France to be part of this campaign, because Leonor of Aquitaine says that I

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hardly go with you. The monarch
didn' t want to, but she

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said I' m a woman of
arms to take. I' m going

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to go to the front, I' m going to accompany the gentlemen.

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Then wonderful this story. Juan Gel
I got into him exactly and a woman

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who at least for his time.
She had a vision and an attitude far

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ahead of the era in which she
lived. And you can talk about one

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of the first feminists. It is
that, among other things, this tale

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00:20:45.160 --> 00:20:48.960
of feminism is supposed to be very
modern. But feminist sea than Cleopata,

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yes, of course, feminist sea
than lion Or de Aquitaine, more feminist

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than Catherine the Great than Cristina of
Sweden. No, please, they were

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women who had the possibility to be
protagonists, but they did not give him

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the leading role, but they took
it because the men did not allow them.

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Remember that the famous law of salica
yes, well, that follows people,

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s woman is still in force in
many countries. The Sálica law in

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Spain, for example, yes,
of course in Spain, that is,

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the king already has, but because
it is first- born, the law

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is still in force, of course, because it is the second cousin a

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sister. If the second had been
a brother, he would have been the

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second king and she was not the
king, he was the heir. That

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' s why I did it.
I think Felipe Major both, the two

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sisters are older than Cristina and Elena
are older than him. He is the

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youngest, but by Salic law,
he is the king of Spain. Yes,

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of course, the salica continues to
work clearly many countries, that good.

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I imagine that within the time here
you don' t need to change

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it, because this had two daughters
and so there was no trouble. But

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if not, I don' t
know if they' d changed it,

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what would have happened. I really
don' t know. They set out

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how smart women are, which is
the first thing, the same thing that

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happened. Tell me the first thing, the same thing that happened with Isabel

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II. Yes, of course they
were only two sisters Eji Margarita had no

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sons. Yeah, yeah, or
in that case back in England it doesn

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' t work. Yes, because
they call Queen Victoria. But the queen

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victory was because there was no descendant, no male heir. But I guess

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that' s where they opened a
lot more and became in that sense more

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liquefied. I don' t know. I wouldn' t be betting,

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uh, I wouldn' t be
betting on the British crown being more modern

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than the Spanish one. I don' t know if it continues to work

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from that perspective of the law of
salt, no more because remember that it

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also had, remember that before it
had several queens, remember that you to

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Bloody Mary, Mary of the Bloody, who was the daughter of Henry VIII,

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with Catherine of Aragon, Mary Tudor, she rose to the throne after

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her brother Edward VI, who was
Henry' s son with Joan Seymour in

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his third marriage, was born very
fragile and very weak. He managed to

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rule for two or three years.
Then Mary Tudor ascended to the throne.

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Isabel was very little. Then first
this Edward VI, then Mary goes up

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the bloody one. She' s
almost known by the story Bloody Mary,

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and then Isabel I. And then
I think there was another queen for ten

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days who was like the one called
bu at last, a ten- day

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queen. In any case, in
England, the tradition in that regard has

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been a little broader in terms of
the place of women as queens. So

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then we have those queens plus victory, plus Elizabeth II. They do not

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call the Victorian era that history passed
with the Industrial Revolution and against what happened

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at that time. They said if
the women are smart, that, for

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example, the first text of the
story that is signed in the ancient Sumeria

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did it in de Joanna, in
de Giuana, the first time in history

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that we read a text where there
is a signature that was, for example,

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one were poems and other stories,
because that was a woman, the

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princess in de Joanna, and as
so deep in Cleopatra, let' s

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00:24:29.680 --> 00:24:33.839
start talking about women that I think
they made average in the story. In

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00:24:33.839 --> 00:24:37.720
addition, Cleopatra very fashionable throughout the
series is that it has come out in

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Netflix and with all the controversy,
because the very good eye friend of mine

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00:24:42.960 --> 00:24:48.880
tell me, but my eye friend
that in Egypt there were also other very

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powerful women that Shop Hubs sto Nefertiti, Yes, remember. They were also

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a de facto reign by a good
Ofertiti. No. Nefeltiti was Pharaoh'

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s wife, she was not,
she was not queen, it was not

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since mouse. Indeed, unless he
was regent. It was regent, something

286
00:25:07.160 --> 00:25:11.599
like that doesn' t catch.
But I believe I would swear not that

287
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when they take away that Nathon directly
put the son Tutankamon, well his name

288
00:25:17.599 --> 00:25:19.880
wasn' t your Tancamo, his
name was you so Catón and then they

289
00:25:19.960 --> 00:25:26.759
changed his name. And, well, this was a fight that basically wasn

290
00:25:26.200 --> 00:25:29.759
' t even a son but a
son- in- law. It wasn

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00:25:29.799 --> 00:25:33.440
' t my son' s son. He was not the son of Eperti,

292
00:25:33.960 --> 00:25:37.079
he was the son of Fertit,
he was the son of Nefertiti and

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00:25:37.079 --> 00:25:41.119
Amenoffi. Fourth to Kenatton, but
like the priests of the temple of Carnac.

294
00:25:41.240 --> 00:25:45.880
The priests of Ammon had called a
wire that you can' t imagine

295
00:25:45.960 --> 00:25:49.440
and all the priests of Egypt because
of Menofi. Fourth, what it does

296
00:25:49.599 --> 00:25:53.400
is it changes the Egyptian religion,
it changes the capital, it' s

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00:25:53.400 --> 00:25:57.079
going to have the marna and you
say there' s only one god Atom

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who is the love of the Sun
and such and blah speaks. And all

299
00:25:59.240 --> 00:26:03.039
this, then the priests were biting
because they took away their economic power and

300
00:26:03.240 --> 00:26:07.119
when someone took away the silver they
got quite angry. But, well,

301
00:26:07.640 --> 00:26:11.400
let' s get into this thing
about women, women who well changed the

302
00:26:12.240 --> 00:26:15.839
Cleopatra character story. Indeed, Queen
Habssut She was thus a queen who left

303
00:26:15.920 --> 00:26:19.960
a legacy in Egypt Tremendo. It
has a temple in the queen' s

304
00:26:19.960 --> 00:26:25.599
valley. He left one of the
most important obelisks in fifth to prove his

305
00:26:26.079 --> 00:26:29.680
power and spent a lot and said
on public works and look. After his

306
00:26:29.759 --> 00:26:36.680
death, his own son had his
statues cut off his nose to kill him

307
00:26:36.720 --> 00:26:40.400
in the afterlife to end his memory. Look, that' s cruel.

308
00:26:41.000 --> 00:26:44.000
But we' re gonna get into
this one anyway. Ma' am,

309
00:26:44.480 --> 00:26:48.200
I said who plays. He said
absust to a character who also put on

310
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a beard or a false iriaca to
look like a man when he appeared before

311
00:26:55.119 --> 00:26:59.400
the people and indeed left some of
the most impressive obelisks of Egypt and one

312
00:26:59.480 --> 00:27:02.720
who weighed in the temple of carn
seven hundred fifty thousand kilos. To be

313
00:27:02.759 --> 00:27:07.200
exact, it is huge, huge, huge and rose to the same height

314
00:27:07.319 --> 00:27:11.400
as other great pharaohs in Egypt.
But like human beings, we are like

315
00:27:11.400 --> 00:27:15.960
that. His own son had his
nose cut from the statues to kill his

316
00:27:15.079 --> 00:27:22.519
memory and kill his soul in the
hereafter, God we were talking not only

317
00:27:22.920 --> 00:27:30.279
of Nefertiti, but of the last
queen of Egypt, the last Pharaoh of

318
00:27:30.400 --> 00:27:34.519
Egypt. I think, to bring
the interview with Nestor to Command Alzate,

319
00:27:36.359 --> 00:27:40.119
continues ah Yes, I don'
t remember the name of Habsessut' s

320
00:27:40.119 --> 00:27:44.640
son. If I have mosis,
let' s ask the lord that he

321
00:27:44.720 --> 00:27:49.400
knows everything and we find out right
now to see the son of would perhaps

322
00:27:49.400 --> 00:27:52.359
be a mosis. Third, maybe
so, because I don' t know.

323
00:27:52.519 --> 00:27:56.799
I' d rather say the exact
thing. That' s the least

324
00:27:56.799 --> 00:27:59.599
of it, but let' s
go then. I think it was like

325
00:27:59.680 --> 00:28:04.240
I know what I' m going
to have a lot of Cleopatra. Well,

326
00:28:04.400 --> 00:28:08.440
basically you have to think that Egypt
is three thousand years of history and

327
00:28:08.480 --> 00:28:12.880
talking about Egypt always has its complexity. And there is a moment in the

328
00:28:14.039 --> 00:28:17.240
fourth century BC, when a lord
named Alexander the Great conquers Egypt and from

329
00:28:17.839 --> 00:28:22.880
there begins the kingdom of the Greek
Pharaohs or Pharaohs Pharaohs, since the first

330
00:28:23.160 --> 00:28:30.839
Pharaoh after Alexander the Great, because
Alexander the Great was crowned Pharaoh after his

331
00:28:30.880 --> 00:28:36.319
death, Alexander the Great was one
of his best generals, his close friend,

332
00:28:36.559 --> 00:28:40.920
who was all Lomeo and the dynasty
of the Ptolemy, which lasts three

333
00:28:41.000 --> 00:28:45.240
centuries until the end of the Empire. There it ends, Egypt ends,

334
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:49.440
that is, Cleopatra was the last
pharaoh of Egypt. That must be said.

335
00:28:49.640 --> 00:28:53.400
So clear and from there the story
changes. Well, she' s

336
00:28:53.480 --> 00:28:57.720
a very curious woman. Look through
to read a plutarco text so you can

337
00:28:57.839 --> 00:29:02.559
see how it defines it and I
think it' s clear, plus maybe

338
00:29:02.599 --> 00:29:08.119
she wasn' t so pretty,
but not counting what literal plutarco says I

339
00:29:08.119 --> 00:29:11.799
saw to read it, but she
deserves the pain. This text pretends that

340
00:29:11.880 --> 00:29:18.079
its beauty considered in itself, was
not so incomparable as to cause astonishment and

341
00:29:18.160 --> 00:29:26.240
admiration, but its treatment was such
that it was impossible to resist the charms

342
00:29:26.279 --> 00:29:30.359
of its sworn ones supported by the
gentleness of its preservation and by all the

343
00:29:30.400 --> 00:29:34.599
graces that came from a happy personality
left in mind, a sting that penetrated

344
00:29:34.720 --> 00:29:41.799
even the most alive, possessed an
infinite voluptuousness when speaking and so much sweetness

345
00:29:41.880 --> 00:29:45.720
and harmony in the sound of his
voice, that his tongue was like an

346
00:29:45.799 --> 00:29:52.799
instrument of several strings that he handled
easily and from which he extracted as well

347
00:29:53.519 --> 00:29:56.680
as the most delicate nuances of language
suited him. I mean, the lady

348
00:29:56.720 --> 00:30:04.000
was talking. It was an amazing
thing to say that Cleopatra' s case

349
00:30:04.880 --> 00:30:08.559
is quite strange at the time,
because she as a child as a principle

350
00:30:08.640 --> 00:30:11.680
wasn' t going to be for
Honda. She had several brothers and also

351
00:30:11.759 --> 00:30:15.839
had an older sister than she did, well, she' s a little

352
00:30:15.839 --> 00:30:21.559
girl who starts educating her to be
a scholar and a great scientist and a

353
00:30:21.559 --> 00:30:26.720
great diplomat. And he read and
wrote Greek, Aramaic, Ethiopian Arabic,

354
00:30:26.519 --> 00:30:33.319
Hebrew Medo, Latin and Egyptian birth, that is, barbarity, speaking,

355
00:30:33.880 --> 00:30:40.079
reading and writing them. In addition, she was taught in mathematics, philosophy,

356
00:30:40.200 --> 00:30:44.839
astronomy, medicine, history, political
science, literature and music, that

357
00:30:45.119 --> 00:30:48.400
is, she had a brutal education. Now that is true, contrary to

358
00:30:48.480 --> 00:30:52.000
what the people who say one think, the Ptolemians, the Greek Pharaohs,

359
00:30:52.519 --> 00:30:56.519
who were a very educated people and
such that truth that they were among them

360
00:30:56.720 --> 00:31:03.000
they killed each other, that it
gave joy, that is, between brothers,

361
00:31:03.319 --> 00:31:06.880
cousins, uncles nephews they killed each
other. But we go with a

362
00:31:07.039 --> 00:31:11.319
famous tranquility and that' s what
happens to her from the minute one,

363
00:31:11.359 --> 00:31:18.240
when her father dies, that she
didn' t have the right to be

364
00:31:18.240 --> 00:31:23.599
Pharaoh. They say she was their
father' s favorite. It is a

365
00:31:23.799 --> 00:31:32.599
sister of hers who takes power and
her sister tells me it is the one

366
00:31:32.680 --> 00:31:37.480
who takes power and then, after
a civil war, dies. Then she

367
00:31:37.599 --> 00:31:41.119
was forced to marry her brother,
because the Greek farpons took the same custom

368
00:31:41.720 --> 00:31:48.720
as the Egyptian pharaohs who married brothers
and in the midst of all this mess

369
00:31:48.839 --> 00:31:56.640
of skirts and controversies and problems.
Among them, appears the most powerful lord

370
00:31:56.799 --> 00:32:00.599
of the time at that time,
Julius Caesar. And this changes everything,

371
00:32:00.880 --> 00:32:05.799
that is, Rome was already very
clear that Egypt had to be part of

372
00:32:05.920 --> 00:32:12.119
Rome, because if it wanted to
maintain legions, conquering the world and maintaining

373
00:32:12.240 --> 00:32:16.960
the famous Roman peace, they needed
the barn of the Mediterranean, which was

374
00:32:16.960 --> 00:32:22.519
the Nile River, that is,
so much Grano came out of the or,

375
00:32:22.759 --> 00:32:23.680
not so much gram the pantry of
Rome, of Rome, of the

376
00:32:23.680 --> 00:32:27.799
whole Mediterranean. If there was a
shortage in the Nile, it was necessary

377
00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:30.720
to make wheat throughout the Mediterranean.
So, of course, that' s

378
00:32:30.759 --> 00:32:34.839
why it was so fundamental to control
Egypt. She wanted to comment on this

379
00:32:34.920 --> 00:32:37.279
and when, when, when Julius
Caesar arrives, it is because she is

380
00:32:37.519 --> 00:32:44.720
confronted with her little husband. It
was a boy, It was a boy

381
00:32:44.759 --> 00:32:49.440
Ptolemy evergetes thirteen and it turns out
that they go at war, They face

382
00:32:49.559 --> 00:32:52.720
them both for the throne and there
appears Julius Caesar, you remember. I

383
00:32:52.799 --> 00:32:58.720
wish I had seen that painting,
that painting show, when she managed to,

384
00:32:59.119 --> 00:33:01.960
because she had to, but she
managed to get to Julius Caesar and

385
00:33:02.039 --> 00:33:07.599
she came back on a carpet and
came in and sent him a gift from

386
00:33:07.680 --> 00:33:14.519
Queen Cleopatra and released the carpet,
pulled on the tip and rolled her body

387
00:33:14.880 --> 00:33:20.000
out in a transparent robe and the
old boy who was already forty- six,

388
00:33:20.160 --> 00:33:22.680
forty- seven, thirty- four, fifty- four, the same

389
00:33:23.839 --> 00:33:28.799
thing that I have right now.
I used to slug out where his drool

390
00:33:28.960 --> 00:33:32.640
came out and lost the year with
her, of course because a guy came

391
00:33:32.720 --> 00:33:37.480
in. The slave was called Apollodoro, it was the one they say was

392
00:33:37.480 --> 00:33:40.559
very, very strong, because of
course, then he had to disguise so

393
00:33:40.640 --> 00:33:44.920
that the blanket looked like a blanket
and they didn' t realize that there

394
00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.319
was a woman inside. Then it
must be borne in mind that Julius Caesar

395
00:33:49.400 --> 00:33:54.839
arrives with two legions to Alexandria.
There they are in full dispute with her

396
00:33:54.920 --> 00:33:58.839
brother. Indeed, they say the
brother was a breed and he really handled

397
00:33:58.839 --> 00:34:01.799
it. They were all the corrupt
scenarios in the country. And then,

398
00:34:02.000 --> 00:34:07.720
of course, he comes to this
Apollo Doro says they bring a gift to

399
00:34:07.839 --> 00:34:09.719
Julius Caesar. They let him in
the room and that' s when he

400
00:34:09.880 --> 00:34:15.639
throws the blanket. Imagine at twenty- one years old the lord of fifty

401
00:34:15.800 --> 00:34:17.400
- four like me, for of
course he dropped his vaba so far to

402
00:34:17.440 --> 00:34:22.800
his ankle, that is, it
was a freaking thing. There' s

403
00:34:22.800 --> 00:34:29.000
a war. Julius Caesar is being
sued for reinforcements. It ends with Ptolemy

404
00:34:29.079 --> 00:34:34.000
thirteen and that' s when it
starts an idyll between the two tremendous and

405
00:34:34.119 --> 00:34:36.360
they' re also going to sail
the Nile. Look, I' m

406
00:34:36.480 --> 00:34:39.159
leaving this year in September. Well, people already know. All the information

407
00:34:39.199 --> 00:34:45.039
on that trip to Egypt is in
three journeys Juan Jesús Vallejo. Com sailing

408
00:34:45.079 --> 00:34:49.800
the Nile is a wonder, that
is because you go Imagine the Sahara desert

409
00:34:49.920 --> 00:34:53.440
is a cre mantle of desert and
suddenly in the middle, as if God

410
00:34:53.599 --> 00:34:59.639
had painted it a blue line and
through two green stripes. The banks of

411
00:34:59.760 --> 00:35:04.840
the Nile, with palm trees,
with oxen, with cows, with goats,

412
00:35:05.039 --> 00:35:09.559
with peasants at that time, with
crocodiles, with hippopotamuses or a fabulous

413
00:35:09.559 --> 00:35:13.800
fishing, And then they left on
her boat, in a royal boat that

414
00:35:14.400 --> 00:35:19.639
counts. I don' t know
if to what extent the story or legend

415
00:35:19.719 --> 00:35:23.199
the ship had. The top part
was embossed in gold and the oars,

416
00:35:23.760 --> 00:35:28.880
the oars protruding out of the water, were embossed in silver and the candles

417
00:35:29.159 --> 00:35:36.920
were purple. Then it was clear
to Julius Caesar, with the girl of

418
00:35:36.920 --> 00:35:40.199
twenty- eight years old, to
take a walk for a few months through

419
00:35:40.199 --> 00:35:45.000
the Nile in a tourist style of
antiquity, on a luxury boat and taking

420
00:35:45.480 --> 00:35:51.840
a party of shit, apart from
doing their little things and already fell in

421
00:35:51.880 --> 00:35:57.159
love until the tracks And the fruit
of that love had a boy, that

422
00:35:58.280 --> 00:36:00.639
that boy could be a big problem, that he was Caesarius. So,

423
00:36:00.239 --> 00:36:05.880
well, because it is born of
the love of the two, Caesar'

424
00:36:05.880 --> 00:36:12.000
s Caesarian Julius is born. Julius
Caesar was then married to Calpurnia. He

425
00:36:12.039 --> 00:36:15.000
was not married to Calpurnia, whom
he had not had, with whom he

426
00:36:15.079 --> 00:36:20.039
had not had children. And then, what is incredible for the time and

427
00:36:20.119 --> 00:36:22.679
this is very difficult to explain,
is that Julius Caesar takes her to Rome

428
00:36:22.719 --> 00:36:28.360
and spends several years in Rome and
makes her a palace in Rome to live

429
00:36:28.920 --> 00:36:32.440
apart his wife, because obviously,
he told her absolutely nothing. He was

430
00:36:32.480 --> 00:36:37.480
the most powerful man in the world. And there he was until they killed

431
00:36:37.639 --> 00:36:43.960
Julius Caesar. And then it is
returned that he was partly killed, partly

432
00:36:44.079 --> 00:36:46.920
killed just because he was already in
Rome and the Romans feared that she would

433
00:36:47.039 --> 00:36:52.519
end up being the queen of Rome
or owner of Rome, or through her

434
00:36:52.559 --> 00:36:55.920
son Cesarion. That' s what
you said crucial. Many were afraid that,

435
00:36:58.239 --> 00:37:05.199
indeed, since he had not had
children with Calpurnia Julius Caesar died or

436
00:37:05.320 --> 00:37:09.880
something and there was a Roman faction
that would protect Caesarius who would become the

437
00:37:09.920 --> 00:37:17.719
emperor of the Mediterranean. Then whether
a foreigner or a half- breed was

438
00:37:17.880 --> 00:37:22.159
emperor of Rome. That people didn' t like and many say that,

439
00:37:22.239 --> 00:37:27.400
indeed, the murder of Julius Caesar
could have had much to do with it.

440
00:37:27.920 --> 00:37:31.039
For then this lady, after the
death of Julius Caesar, returns to

441
00:37:31.320 --> 00:37:37.280
Egypt again and then to whom she
was celiad, with Mr Marco Antonio,

442
00:37:37.679 --> 00:37:43.840
who was also married. This didn' t matter if anyone was married and

443
00:37:44.280 --> 00:37:47.920
Marcantonion did. And if you think
that besides this is that the most serious

444
00:37:49.000 --> 00:37:52.840
part of this whole story is that
she returns to True running away when Julio

445
00:37:52.840 --> 00:37:58.800
Ar is killed who kills his son, Brutus. Brutus was the son of

446
00:37:58.800 --> 00:38:01.920
Servilia, the lover of Julius Caesar
of all his life. Julius Caesar first

447
00:38:02.039 --> 00:38:07.039
married Cornelia and had a daughter who
married her to Pompey I don' t

448
00:38:07.079 --> 00:38:13.599
remember her name. Then he had
Pompeii, a wife named Pompeii, who

449
00:38:13.679 --> 00:38:15.840
was told by Caesar' s wife
not only must it be but she must

450
00:38:15.880 --> 00:38:21.920
appear, because she was troubled by
adultery and the third was Calpurnia. When

451
00:38:22.119 --> 00:38:25.719
this happens, Brutus, then by
Jealous he thinks they' re going to

452
00:38:25.800 --> 00:38:30.679
take his place too. Then they
kill Julius Caesar, and there the three

453
00:38:30.719 --> 00:38:36.039
who made up the triumvirate, who
were Julius Caesar Pompey and Marco Antonio,

454
00:38:37.239 --> 00:38:43.039
face death. Julius Caesar, Pompey
and Mark Antony face each other, and

455
00:38:43.039 --> 00:38:46.679
Octavius, who was the adopted son
of Julius Caesar, and here comes the

456
00:38:46.679 --> 00:38:50.840
whole story. So, no yes, but he had counted it as a

457
00:38:50.920 --> 00:38:53.400
son. Indeed, there was,
he had adopted it, as he said,

458
00:38:53.559 --> 00:38:57.679
and became the most powerful man in
the Empire. I think they say

459
00:38:57.760 --> 00:39:01.440
Cleopatra may have thought about hooking up
with Octavius, too. I don'

460
00:39:01.440 --> 00:39:04.880
t know. I think he'
s gonna see a very cold, very

461
00:39:04.880 --> 00:39:07.880
smart guy. And Marco Antonio,
because she was a little more alive the

462
00:39:07.960 --> 00:39:15.320
virgin like and then she went to
Egypt and there the mess messed her up.

463
00:39:15.440 --> 00:39:20.920
He had four children. He had
four children with Marco Antonio and Bueno,

464
00:39:21.480 --> 00:39:28.719
but it was clear that eighth among
them Tons Mejizur was notín and

465
00:39:28.800 --> 00:39:35.920
Alexander h Ellius yes and Cleopatra Selene. I mean right now. And Cleopatra

466
00:39:36.079 --> 00:39:39.880
Selene became queen of Mauritania because she
married King Juba. That' s funny.

467
00:39:40.519 --> 00:39:44.800
The line isn' t over.
Specifically. The sons of Marco Antonio

468
00:39:45.480 --> 00:39:50.400
were and of Cleopatra were the medizo
Alejandro Helio cyclop Serene and then the little

469
00:39:51.719 --> 00:39:55.360
Ptolemy Filadelfo. It' s three
kids. I was wrong, Doblomeo Filadelfo.

470
00:39:55.639 --> 00:40:00.920
Todolomeo philadesphoría before the four, including
Son already had four yes were the

471
00:40:01.280 --> 00:40:05.639
three of Marco Antonio and that of
the three of Marco Antonio and that of

472
00:40:05.760 --> 00:40:08.079
Julios Es. Indeed, it has
been that, it has been my mistake

473
00:40:08.239 --> 00:40:13.679
and nothing basically, because the end
is the one you know, that is,

474
00:40:13.679 --> 00:40:16.280
Octavio. Well, after they lost
a pretty important naval battle, Marco

475
00:40:16.639 --> 00:40:24.239
Antonio returns to Alexandria, you know
his end is near. And, well,

476
00:40:24.639 --> 00:40:30.519
what happens is that she takes her
life with an aspid with a black

477
00:40:30.119 --> 00:40:37.639
cobra that is very easy to find
in Egypt. Well, it' s

478
00:40:37.639 --> 00:40:38.159
not clear either. There are people
who say yes, people who don'

479
00:40:38.159 --> 00:40:43.880
t. I mean, the historical
discussion about cropatra is huge for different reasons.

480
00:40:43.960 --> 00:40:46.599
First, because it' s not
clear what it was like. There

481
00:40:47.519 --> 00:40:53.280
are figures of it in coins of
profile, but of course the beauty and

482
00:40:53.360 --> 00:40:58.000
beauty was idealized at that time and
there is a drawing of it, an

483
00:40:58.079 --> 00:41:00.079
engraving in the temple of flagera,
in the temple inside. As you get

484
00:41:00.119 --> 00:41:06.280
to the left she is with cease, but still is an idealized beauty.

485
00:41:06.400 --> 00:41:09.480
There is no stone bust of her, as if we have Julius Caesar or

486
00:41:09.599 --> 00:41:13.920
others. That' s why we
can' t know exactly what it was

487
00:41:13.920 --> 00:41:17.719
like. And besides, she says
the bad tongue that she was a legitimate

488
00:41:19.039 --> 00:41:22.199
daughter, so, well, it' s already been speculated so much that

489
00:41:22.280 --> 00:41:24.239
Netflix put her on as she was
a woman of color. I know the

490
00:41:24.360 --> 00:41:30.000
Egyptian government complained, but I with
Egyptian archaeologists when you say I was not

491
00:41:30.079 --> 00:41:35.760
had a completely Greek figure and such
practically impossible, because they had spent about

492
00:41:35.800 --> 00:41:39.760
twenty generations since I arrived in Ptolemy
and there they all slept with everyone.

493
00:41:40.480 --> 00:41:45.320
I mean, already this one in
Greek, I had what I had to

494
00:41:45.360 --> 00:41:51.039
do, I mean the antennaéstor, I wanted to comment on something,

495
00:41:51.039 --> 00:41:52.599
not perfect. They said they had
a nose, even a canchura. Yeah,

496
00:41:52.800 --> 00:41:58.079
it' s just typical. One
knows to what extent He also enters

497
00:41:58.159 --> 00:42:01.440
the ground of legend, that let
us remember that practically all pharaohs, when

498
00:42:01.519 --> 00:42:06.280
you see their mummies, all have
a hooky nose, that is, a

499
00:42:06.400 --> 00:42:13.679
prominent nose. And in some of
those recreations that are made of Cleopatra that

500
00:42:13.800 --> 00:42:17.599
have idealized us by selling us the
idea that it was Lis Taylor, for

501
00:42:19.119 --> 00:42:22.840
example, and it couldn' t
be a woman, it was an African

502
00:42:22.840 --> 00:42:27.239
woman. Needlessly yes, so much
wins, very very mare I told me

503
00:42:27.360 --> 00:42:32.840
no Greek archetype. About two years
ago I was recording an advertising spa in

504
00:42:32.880 --> 00:42:43.280
Egypt, precisely doing an austitiated investigation
by a Dutch brand GUI. What I

505
00:42:43.280 --> 00:42:49.199
was defending was that basically Cicleopatra seemed
something like the current Coptic women, because

506
00:42:49.360 --> 00:42:52.119
in the Egyptian Coptic population, which
is estimated to be between fifteen seventeen percent

507
00:42:52.280 --> 00:42:55.760
of the Gipcia population, not in
an exact number, that are Egyptian Christians

508
00:42:55.880 --> 00:43:00.960
like Christians who have not had ethnic
mix, that is, they are the

509
00:43:01.000 --> 00:43:06.639
ancient inhabitants of the banks of the
Nile River And if you marry someone outside

510
00:43:06.760 --> 00:43:08.679
the Community, they expel you from
the Community, so practically impossible for the

511
00:43:08.800 --> 00:43:15.000
Coptics to marry someone did not copy, because the beauty of Cleopatras should be

512
00:43:15.639 --> 00:43:21.039
Africans very similar to that of the
Coptic women, who are quite different from

513
00:43:21.159 --> 00:43:28.159
the women you see. I mean, men and women differ a lot then.

514
00:43:29.440 --> 00:43:32.639
Well, it was an investigation.
It was curious research. The theme

515
00:43:32.719 --> 00:43:36.480
of the nose is for an old
text. I don' t remember who

516
00:43:36.599 --> 00:43:38.880
did the text where he said that
if it hadn' t been for his

517
00:43:38.920 --> 00:43:43.519
nose, basically that he would have
conquered the world, that all men would

518
00:43:44.239 --> 00:43:45.480
have fallen, if they had fallen
at his feet. But notice that there

519
00:43:45.599 --> 00:43:51.679
is another plutarco text that describes it
and what the text says is that it

520
00:43:51.800 --> 00:43:57.760
carries the eyelids painted green and long
nails, long false eyelashes, the cheeks

521
00:43:57.880 --> 00:44:02.880
skillfully painted white and incarnate, the
lips enhanced with carmine and the veins of

522
00:44:04.000 --> 00:44:07.480
its forehead painted in blue tone.
That' s a plutarc text that saw

523
00:44:07.559 --> 00:44:13.159
her and described her. But we
don' t know exactly what it was

524
00:44:13.199 --> 00:44:15.840
like to close Cleopatra' s subject. What I believe and I want the

525
00:44:15.920 --> 00:44:20.599
opinion of Alexander and Nestor is that
she was a woman ahead of her time,

526
00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:22.679
because she was a woman who said
to see what my weapons are.

527
00:44:23.199 --> 00:44:28.559
My weapons are diplomacy and my beauty. Here' s what I got.

528
00:44:28.760 --> 00:44:31.960
I don' t have an army, I don' t have anything,

529
00:44:32.199 --> 00:44:34.960
I have my beauty and I have
to be a very smart woman. And

530
00:44:35.039 --> 00:44:38.760
then, because of that, he
allied himself with Julius Caesar and then allied

531
00:44:38.840 --> 00:44:43.760
himself with Marco Antonio Ojo who almost
made glooms. Well, it made Rome

532
00:44:43.880 --> 00:44:46.719
tremble, She alone, which was
the greatest empire, was the greatest empire

533
00:44:46.760 --> 00:44:51.360
of the time. And Rome trembled. And if Marco Antonio does not lose

534
00:44:51.559 --> 00:44:55.719
that naval battle, for it is
almost the Romans that end up speaking in

535
00:44:55.760 --> 00:45:00.480
another language, then of course,
it is a story that is still curious.

536
00:45:01.079 --> 00:45:05.000
They came out confidently, he had
to warm up and did what he

537
00:45:05.119 --> 00:45:09.760
had to do to survive in an
era because he more forgets that history and

538
00:45:09.840 --> 00:45:15.000
human beings have been very cruel and
very warlike. And a woman at that

539
00:45:15.119 --> 00:45:19.800
time was so wary and so complex, because she had to know, make

540
00:45:19.840 --> 00:45:22.880
an alliance and be intelligent, especially
when she was queen. Your opinion Juan

541
00:45:22.320 --> 00:45:25.880
Ge girl to me something that has
always seemed fascinating to me of Cleopatra'

542
00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:32.519
s figure. It is precisely this
way that this woman had to break the

543
00:45:32.639 --> 00:45:36.840
traditional schemes of the time, not
only because of her education, as you

544
00:45:37.199 --> 00:45:42.559
very well mentioned, a woman who
was raised to be a diplomat, was

545
00:45:42.719 --> 00:45:45.559
polyglot, she handled all these languages. She was a woman who had a

546
00:45:45.599 --> 00:45:51.320
very broad advantage in that regard over
other rulers and even other people of power,

547
00:45:51.360 --> 00:45:54.880
because she could communicate with other peoples, with other officials. George,

548
00:45:55.039 --> 00:45:59.159
that' s not a ballad issue
and what you' re saying is super

549
00:45:59.320 --> 00:46:04.880
important, that it came with him
and it happened as he spoke, spoke

550
00:46:05.480 --> 00:46:08.000
Greek, spoke Ethiopian, and that
gave him a tremendous advantage John, who,

551
00:46:08.400 --> 00:46:14.760
as you rightly said, knew how
to use his beauty, his physical

552
00:46:14.840 --> 00:46:21.119
appearance also as a tool that earned
me certain presales regarding what you were commenting

553
00:46:21.559 --> 00:46:25.079
on in that final part of the
story of Cleoplata and Marco Antonio, that

554
00:46:25.159 --> 00:46:30.719
bloody battle of the year thirty before
Christ, a defeat that literally leaves not

555
00:46:30.760 --> 00:46:36.559
only Marco Antonio, but Cleopatra.
They saw that there was no way to

556
00:46:36.800 --> 00:46:40.280
change the balance. At that point
in his favor, Marco Antonio decides to

557
00:46:40.280 --> 00:46:45.960
take off. The battle of Axio, the battle of size of active forgiveness

558
00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:51.320
was not looking in one out the
data and Marco Antonio decides to take his

559
00:46:51.320 --> 00:46:55.280
life. Some historical sources say that
Marco Antonio dies in Cleopatra' s arms.

560
00:46:55.440 --> 00:47:00.519
Then Cleopatra resorts to aspid as you
rightly said Jesus, to end his

561
00:47:00.639 --> 00:47:05.840
life, because he did not want
to be displayed as a trophy by the

562
00:47:06.000 --> 00:47:09.079
Romans, He did not want to
be displayed as a slave, He wanted

563
00:47:09.079 --> 00:47:12.639
to maintain his dignity. And clearly, John, that a woman for me

564
00:47:12.960 --> 00:47:15.480
who broke the schemes and who has
become one of the great legends of all

565
00:47:15.559 --> 00:47:20.480
history, is one of the great
feminine icons of history, with difference for

566
00:47:20.480 --> 00:47:23.079
her intelligence, for her knowledge of
being, for her diplomacy, for her

567
00:47:23.079 --> 00:47:29.599
beauty and because, in a very
complex time, not having an empire,

568
00:47:30.400 --> 00:47:34.159
made the greatest empire of history tremble
at that time, which was that it

569
00:47:34.320 --> 00:47:39.599
was Rome. And it is very
curious because her children did not kill him,

570
00:47:39.679 --> 00:47:44.199
but took him with Octavia, with
Marco Antonio' s wife and who

571
00:47:44.199 --> 00:47:47.239
raised him, because at that time
the concept of nobility was very important.

572
00:47:49.000 --> 00:47:52.000
Then it' s like they'
re not the sons of a Roman nobleman.

573
00:47:52.360 --> 00:47:53.840
We can' t kill him for
his father' s sins and they

574
00:47:53.840 --> 00:47:59.920
raised him. And one of them, I repeat, ended up being finished,

575
00:48:00.519 --> 00:48:05.960
ended up being rested by Juba,
Juba, Clopatra Selen, indeed,

576
00:48:06.840 --> 00:48:08.639
éstor, what do you think of
Cleopatra' s story. The truth is

577
00:48:08.719 --> 00:48:12.320
it' s a fascinating story.
That is to say, this lady is

578
00:48:12.440 --> 00:48:16.559
a soap opera and, moreover,
to get into that, in that age

579
00:48:16.599 --> 00:48:22.760
of continuous struggle between powers of the
Mediterranean, at a point where the expansion

580
00:48:22.760 --> 00:48:28.440
of Rome constitutes it in the first
great power of the time. Well and

581
00:48:28.840 --> 00:48:31.159
most important of all, there was
a time when one in four people in

582
00:48:31.440 --> 00:48:37.760
the world lived under the Roman Empire. It' s authentic in barbarity.

583
00:48:37.480 --> 00:48:43.480
So I think Cleopatra, because he
was a genius, that is, he

584
00:48:43.559 --> 00:48:46.519
endured as the poor woman could,
but in the obvious end he fell in

585
00:48:46.519 --> 00:48:51.280
other ways. Totally concert and there' s an anecdote about it that'

586
00:48:51.400 --> 00:48:53.639
s always seemed fascinating to me.
Thus, in the fortieth year before Christ

587
00:48:54.159 --> 00:48:59.400
Mark Anthony was having problems in Egypt. Cleopatarele and says well, go away

588
00:48:59.480 --> 00:49:04.280
a moment for your empire return to
Rome calmly that we calmly, that we

589
00:49:04.360 --> 00:49:07.360
are going to cart, we will
keep correspondence, we will communicate. And

590
00:49:07.519 --> 00:49:14.440
he assigned him a spy to put
the horns exactly to make sure he was

591
00:49:14.519 --> 00:49:17.119
okay, that is. Even in
that it was super advanced clo to bring

592
00:49:17.199 --> 00:49:22.159
a genius, not a genius.
And besides, it' s very difficult

593
00:49:22.239 --> 00:49:24.559
to judge history, not in other
words, and in a very convulsive time,

594
00:49:24.960 --> 00:49:30.840
well, because she used her weapons, not in that already per being

595
00:49:30.920 --> 00:49:34.480
a tremendously intelligent woman and one when
she thinks of Antiquity and says no.

596
00:49:34.639 --> 00:49:37.320
The Ptolemy, the Ptolemy, the
Greek Pharaohs, a people with a culture

597
00:49:38.079 --> 00:49:43.440
killed each other, but among brothers, cousins, uncles, nephews, parents,

598
00:49:44.000 --> 00:49:47.400
children, no problem at all.
Everyone was cheating, that is Cleopatra,

599
00:49:47.800 --> 00:49:52.079
already Greek had nothing but nothing,
that is, they were like the

600
00:49:52.159 --> 00:49:58.480
game of thrones. But to the
Egyptian era, yes, of course it

601
00:49:58.559 --> 00:50:02.840
was a very, very absurd thing
and so was Antiquity, so it was

602
00:50:02.960 --> 00:50:06.760
until three days ago. No,
but I am the truth that I am

603
00:50:06.880 --> 00:50:10.480
fascinated by Cleopatra' s story and
I believe that his perfume is his soul

604
00:50:10.639 --> 00:50:15.159
and his magic is still breathed through
the streets of Alexandria, which you notice

605
00:50:16.320 --> 00:50:22.400
today still has a Mediterranean air reminiscent
of Greece. It must also be thought

606
00:50:22.440 --> 00:50:27.400
that in Alexandria there are many Greeks
and many people from the Mediterranean, because

607
00:50:27.480 --> 00:50:32.440
it was a very important port until
three days ago, until President Nasser in

608
00:50:34.960 --> 00:50:37.679
Egypt, because he put the super
complex things to the foreigners and all left

609
00:50:37.800 --> 00:50:44.639
the city and began in a decadence
of Alexandria that no longer was over.

610
00:50:45.480 --> 00:50:53.199
But well, nationalisms, absurd sultranationalisms. And here we are on mystery night

611
00:50:53.239 --> 00:50:58.880
and we were talking about the story
of Cleopatra, that woman who had to

612
00:50:58.960 --> 00:51:04.719
face a time, the tremendously convulsive
one and who made the most important empire

613
00:51:04.880 --> 00:51:08.719
of the time, the Roman Empire, totter, and the interview with our

614
00:51:08.800 --> 00:51:13.480
Almando Alzate continues like this. To
me, that woman fascinates me has always

615
00:51:13.519 --> 00:51:19.000
seemed to me a supremely decisive character
in history, on the one hand,

616
00:51:19.400 --> 00:51:23.000
because with her precisely ended the greatness
of Egypt. Once he dies, Cleopatra,

617
00:51:23.559 --> 00:51:30.239
Rome absorbs Egypt and turns it into
a Roman province and no longer Egypt

618
00:51:30.639 --> 00:51:37.920
was able to succeed, understanding further
that when Teo, Ptolemy first arrived and

619
00:51:37.039 --> 00:51:45.000
settled down, for or determined that
the Egyptian capital was Alexandria, obviously that

620
00:51:45.760 --> 00:51:50.840
it was already moving away from the
roots of that Marna, from Thebes,

621
00:51:51.079 --> 00:51:54.679
from those cities that had been very
important in Egypt, but now eminently it

622
00:51:55.440 --> 00:52:02.400
was a city with Greek traces,
that is, built as a Greek city,

623
00:52:02.880 --> 00:52:07.320
with a Greek spirit. And obviously
in a context of those, an

624
00:52:08.280 --> 00:52:14.880
Egyptian pharaoh, Egyptian of those of
Amarna or Thebes would have no place.

625
00:52:15.920 --> 00:52:19.840
It had to be someone of Greek
origin, as indeed, it happened with

626
00:52:20.280 --> 00:52:23.920
those thirteen Ptolemys. And then when
Cleopata ends, but it could not otherwise

627
00:52:24.000 --> 00:52:30.880
be the roch the golden brooch with
which they close all that beautiful cycle of

628
00:52:30.480 --> 00:52:37.039
the Egyptians had to be with a
woman like Cleopata. It' s even

629
00:52:37.199 --> 00:52:40.519
said that Marco Antonio. Marco Antonio
was told that Cleopatra had committed suicide,

630
00:52:43.000 --> 00:52:49.360
and that' s what drove him
to commit suicide. But it turns out

631
00:52:49.480 --> 00:52:53.320
Cleopatra was hiding, had stayed inside
a palace, had her fenced away and

632
00:52:53.360 --> 00:52:58.920
then, when he assumed Cleopatra had
died, he understood that his life was

633
00:52:58.920 --> 00:53:04.119
meaningless. That' s why he
gets to Moribundo, Cleopatra' s.

634
00:53:04.719 --> 00:53:07.239
But when she arrives where Cleopatra finds
her dead because since she was told that

635
00:53:07.280 --> 00:53:13.960
Marco Antonio had killed himself, she
bites her ass. So, almost one

636
00:53:14.039 --> 00:53:21.119
would say that this romance has the
same end of Rome and Urulieta, for

637
00:53:21.239 --> 00:53:24.480
example, exactly one would say one
dies for love of the other. Lovers

638
00:53:24.599 --> 00:53:30.280
beterull exactly the same. One dies
for love of the other. And this

639
00:53:30.320 --> 00:53:34.840
was the case of Cleopatra, who, beyond any consideration, as Salegito said,

640
00:53:35.280 --> 00:53:37.599
did not want to be a trophy
to be displayed in Rome as a

641
00:53:37.679 --> 00:53:45.880
slave. The truth of the case
is that she simply couldn' t conceive

642
00:53:45.079 --> 00:53:53.360
of a more romantic and epic ending
than that suicide of the two. There

643
00:53:53.679 --> 00:53:58.280
also because a young woman died.
She died in the 1930s. If it

644
00:53:58.360 --> 00:54:02.000
is not wrong, yes, in
the year before Christ, it could not

645
00:54:02.079 --> 00:54:08.239
be your one. You can'
t imagine Cleopatra being shot by a Roman

646
00:54:08.360 --> 00:54:13.800
soldier or taken to Rome. No. The ending was perfect. That seemed

647
00:54:14.800 --> 00:54:20.360
like, in effect, a Chisperianas
play followed. That ending could not be

648
00:54:20.400 --> 00:54:22.559
otherwise. It' s a movie
script. I think when we go to

649
00:54:22.719 --> 00:54:29.599
the very old way. Besides,
two thousand years ago those love, lovelessness,

650
00:54:29.920 --> 00:54:32.639
continuing hate wars. Always in the
world was always at war and all

651
00:54:32.679 --> 00:54:37.440
cultures with all were always at war, giving rise to those epic stories that

652
00:54:37.599 --> 00:54:42.360
we have then idealized. Now the
story is being recribrated. Very complex to

653
00:54:42.400 --> 00:54:44.239
talk about these kinds of issues,
because there are people that you will see,

654
00:54:44.760 --> 00:54:46.360
who will insult us today in networks
and pods and so on. But

655
00:54:46.440 --> 00:54:51.320
we are counting the facts and we
must think that we cannot judge what happened

656
00:54:51.400 --> 00:54:53.519
2, 000 years ago as if
it were happening in the 21st century.

657
00:54:53.880 --> 00:54:57.920
But that was a love story that
later gave rise to novels, legend,

658
00:54:58.119 --> 00:55:04.480
films, a documentary television series that
has scratched audiences. By the way,

659
00:55:06.039 --> 00:55:08.679
then that' s the reality.
And I think that from time to time

660
00:55:08.760 --> 00:55:15.679
we look at the past and those
stories and dream that we are heroes and

661
00:55:15.880 --> 00:55:21.400
that we fight with villains and defend
our country and that we stick that is

662
00:55:21.519 --> 00:55:24.639
two months of navigation that they say
they were sailing the Nile on that ship

663
00:55:24.719 --> 00:55:30.960
with the gold- plated roof,
as they evoke us times where the legend

664
00:55:31.039 --> 00:55:36.159
was real And that seems to me
to be magical. And aside from magic,

665
00:55:36.280 --> 00:55:39.679
I also understand that it could not
be achieved otherwise. It' s

666
00:55:39.719 --> 00:55:45.480
just that when you said right now
that we can' t look at it

667
00:55:45.519 --> 00:55:46.079
from the perspective of our century,
it' s not that to be able

668
00:55:46.079 --> 00:55:50.599
to understand history. One has to
look at it from the time the events

669
00:55:50.719 --> 00:55:54.639
occurred, not from time to time, not from time to time, because

670
00:55:54.719 --> 00:55:59.800
the mentality that we have today with
everything that has happened, does not allow

671
00:56:00.239 --> 00:56:01.400
us to understand what was happening.
In order to understand it, you have

672
00:56:01.440 --> 00:56:07.920
to locate yourself at that time and
I think that at that time, at

673
00:56:07.920 --> 00:56:10.519
that time, it was something,
that is. Second, if one here

674
00:56:10.599 --> 00:56:20.039
talks about putting any event on me
the greatest that has occurred in the 21st

675
00:56:20.239 --> 00:56:22.960
century or whatever, then it has
to be analyzed according to this perspective.

676
00:56:23.119 --> 00:56:30.320
But it should also be added that
the stage was perfect Alexandria, it is

677
00:56:30.360 --> 00:56:37.119
that in the city of Alexandria,
I believe that you can book there,

678
00:56:37.400 --> 00:56:42.679
with the Alexandria Library, there was
all the ancient knowledge that was burned for

679
00:56:42.760 --> 00:56:50.679
the first time in this war by
certain and curio Caesar, but not him,

680
00:56:51.079 --> 00:56:54.239
but they tell that part of his
fleet was burned and the fire was

681
00:56:54.280 --> 00:56:59.239
spread to the port of Alexandria and
reached the library. It is said that

682
00:56:59.360 --> 00:57:04.480
many of the techs that were there, managed to be saved and hidden that

683
00:57:04.519 --> 00:57:07.800
later took them to the serapeun that
was like some kind of alternate library.

684
00:57:08.599 --> 00:57:12.800
But the interesting thing about this is
that he doesn' t have the mentality

685
00:57:12.840 --> 00:57:17.199
of what Alexandria was like. To
begin with, he had one of the

686
00:57:17.280 --> 00:57:24.760
seven wonders of the ancient world,
the lighthouse of Alexandria at the entrance of

687
00:57:24.840 --> 00:57:29.280
the port, the one who came
to see him from the bar They said

688
00:57:29.280 --> 00:57:30.000
it was not that I arrived in
New York. Yeah, of course it

689
00:57:30.079 --> 00:57:34.679
was the New York of the time. Besides, because it was a crucible

690
00:57:34.800 --> 00:57:38.159
that macerated all cultures. In fact, they all came to Alexandria and all

691
00:57:38.199 --> 00:57:44.599
that came from knowledge and so forth
was in Alexandria with the diaspora of the

692
00:57:44.960 --> 00:57:47.519
hero but you notice that Alexandria at
this time had more than half a million

693
00:57:47.559 --> 00:57:52.039
inhabitants that that is barbarity, and
there was Arabic, Jewish, Egyptian,

694
00:57:52.679 --> 00:57:57.920
Greek, Roman, that is,
a multiculturality due to the subject of trade

695
00:57:58.039 --> 00:58:00.840
coming out of brutal Egypt, the
most important port in the ancient world.

696
00:58:01.159 --> 00:58:06.519
If it was the most important port
in the ancient world, not in vain

697
00:58:06.599 --> 00:58:10.119
had that lighthouse. And it turns
out that already to recapture the thread that

698
00:58:10.239 --> 00:58:15.639
in that context, after Cleopatra dies, that it becomes a Roman province,

699
00:58:15.000 --> 00:58:22.480
Alexandria still has its own life and
in that the Romans were relatively respectful because

700
00:58:22.519 --> 00:58:29.239
they respected cultures and then allowed that
interaction between so many cultures. And if

701
00:58:29.360 --> 00:58:32.519
they come to you, as you
said, Greeks, Jews, Egyptians,

702
00:58:36.400 --> 00:58:40.559
what more Phoenician Carthaginians all got there. Logically, that cultural interaction had to

703
00:58:40.639 --> 00:58:45.880
enrich too much. And that'
s what Ptolemy took advantage of. Ptolemy

704
00:58:45.960 --> 00:58:52.320
first, when Alexander the Great died, who tells the story, which was

705
00:58:52.360 --> 00:58:57.280
where the Greeks said see me lend
me all the documents that you have,

706
00:58:57.480 --> 00:59:01.320
the plays, the texts, the
whole philosophy, whatever you have that for

707
00:59:01.519 --> 00:59:07.320
the Greeks were almost sacred texts,
almost that were Bible. And then he

708
00:59:07.360 --> 00:59:10.119
told them to lend them a yoloscope
and I' ll give them back the

709
00:59:10.119 --> 00:59:12.880
originals. No, you don'
t? And you don' t?

710
00:59:13.039 --> 00:59:15.639
And you don' t? And
no, until he offered them a sum

711
00:59:15.760 --> 00:59:21.159
so supremely fabulous that when they could
buy the whole city of Athens. They

712
00:59:21.239 --> 00:59:27.920
accepted, gave him the manuscripts,
the originals took them to Alexandria and,

713
00:59:28.960 --> 00:59:31.639
in effect, copied them. But
then he told him to send the copies

714
00:59:31.639 --> 00:59:36.559
with the silver to go and send
him the copies of the originals. Don

715
00:59:36.599 --> 00:59:40.679
' t give them back. They
took the originals and didn' t get

716
00:59:40.800 --> 00:59:45.760
them. Just stay with the silver. And there was the germ of that

717
00:59:45.840 --> 00:59:51.079
library in Alexandria. Yes, it
was a stan yes, of course,

718
00:59:51.079 --> 00:59:54.480
yes. And then every ship took
to the Jaldrica. Every ship that came

719
00:59:54.519 --> 01:00:00.239
to Alexandria to commercial was seized if
it had an obligation to deliver a book

720
01:00:00.400 --> 01:00:01.360
from the country from which they came. If they couldn' t commercial.

721
01:00:04.119 --> 01:00:08.320
But apart from that, they seized
every ship to find every book that each

722
01:00:08.440 --> 01:00:15.280
ship carried, knowledge was seized,
that it knew all the pre- knowledge,

723
01:00:15.039 --> 01:00:22.760
it was clear to be able,
and then, after all that,

724
01:00:22.840 --> 01:00:28.519
the Library of Alexandria became the Smithsonian. Put any of these institutions that we

725
01:00:28.599 --> 01:00:35.559
have today and had all the most
important texts in history found them there.

726
01:00:36.239 --> 01:00:39.639
It is even said that atlantean texts
of ancient Egypt, from so many parts.

727
01:00:40.800 --> 01:00:47.760
And it turns out that then,
precisely to the influence of that library

728
01:00:47.760 --> 01:00:52.679
what he was saying, so many
people came there and, once the diaspora

729
01:00:52.400 --> 01:00:58.599
passed, the Jews more advanced and
the more suppensers all went to take refuge

730
01:00:58.599 --> 01:01:00.679
there. See that there is the
first Bible, I accept it aginta.

731
01:01:01.400 --> 01:01:08.039
There the whole Bible was copied,
that is, all knowledge. I was

732
01:01:08.800 --> 01:01:13.320
there a while ago I' d
like to if you' d just give

733
01:01:13.320 --> 01:01:15.119
me a minute. Yes, and
a woman who is fundamental in all this

734
01:01:15.159 --> 01:01:19.800
and in that knowledge and who marks
the end of the beginning of all that

735
01:01:19.880 --> 01:01:22.480
golden age that you have made a
video recently on your YouTube channel in this

736
01:01:22.599 --> 01:01:25.960
and command the tylog that is and
kicks the one that was going there.

737
01:01:27.599 --> 01:01:31.760
Of course I was, but I
wanted to put you in context. Talk

738
01:01:31.800 --> 01:01:36.400
to me a second. I'
ll get you a book you like I

739
01:01:36.400 --> 01:01:37.719
' ll give you a good one. Let' s keep talking, it

740
01:01:37.719 --> 01:01:43.039
looks like we' re being punished. It is in this is a fascinating

741
01:01:43.039 --> 01:01:46.840
story, because all the knowledge of
Antiquity is gathered in the Library of Alexandria,

742
01:01:46.960 --> 01:01:49.960
more than in Rome, more than
in Greece, more than anywhere else.

743
01:01:50.119 --> 01:01:52.800
Then there was nothing left that I
nothing in quotation marks, because,

744
01:01:52.000 --> 01:01:55.159
perhaps, even maps like that of
piri Rey, who describes the coasts of

745
01:01:55.199 --> 01:02:00.280
America, are maps that came from
the Library of Alexandria. All knowledge,

746
01:02:00.840 --> 01:02:04.599
hidden from the Antiquity Court. This
is what I started talking about while you

747
01:02:04.599 --> 01:02:07.400
were taking the book. No.
The thing is, I want to show

748
01:02:07.400 --> 01:02:09.320
you where I' m extracting from. This looks at nothing more or nothing

749
01:02:09.320 --> 01:02:15.599
less. Ah of cosmos of can
sagan how beautiful and it turns out that

750
01:02:15.880 --> 01:02:22.000
he comes in describing what was in
the Library of Alexandria, a community of

751
01:02:22.039 --> 01:02:24.800
scholars who explored physics, literature,
medicine, astronomy, geography, philosophy,

752
01:02:24.880 --> 01:02:30.280
mathematics, biology and engineering. It
takes care of this, which is that

753
01:02:30.280 --> 01:02:35.519
this, this is a portent,
this never ever of the ever that one

754
01:02:35.519 --> 01:02:39.239
will be able to reunite a beach
of geniuses like these puts care. He

755
01:02:39.360 --> 01:02:45.079
says I' m reading it.
Allow me the science and the scholarship had

756
01:02:45.119 --> 01:02:47.800
reached their adult age. Genius flourished
in those halls. The Library of Alexandria

757
01:02:47.800 --> 01:02:52.159
is the place where men gathered for
the first time in a serious and systematic

758
01:02:52.159 --> 01:02:57.119
way. The knowledge of the world
takes care yes, besides it was Tosthenes

759
01:02:57.119 --> 01:03:02.719
Desirene, who was the one who
said that the Earth was round and calculated

760
01:03:02.800 --> 01:03:08.119
the diameter of the earth forty two
hundred and fifty kilometers, sent a slave

761
01:03:08.119 --> 01:03:15.599
to walk from Alexandria to Ciena,
and so did the calculation, because he

762
01:03:15.679 --> 01:03:22.679
did so in the spring equinox,
which gave no shade at the bottom of

763
01:03:22.679 --> 01:03:24.559
a well in Alexandria, but in
Silesia so, well, but it is

764
01:03:24.679 --> 01:03:30.960
from another story which, given besides
Tostens, there was the astronomer and parco

765
01:03:31.000 --> 01:03:35.039
who ordered the map of the constellations
and estimated the brightness of the stars.

766
01:03:36.239 --> 01:03:39.320
Euclid, who brilliantly systematized geometry and
once told his king that he was struggling

767
01:03:39.360 --> 01:03:45.480
with a difficult mathematical problem. There
is no real path to geometry. Dionysius

768
01:03:45.559 --> 01:03:50.079
of Thrace, the man who defined
the parts of the discourse and who did

769
01:03:50.119 --> 01:03:54.639
in the study of language what Euclid
did in geometry. Herophilus, the physiologist

770
01:03:54.719 --> 01:03:58.760
who safely established that it is the
brain and not the heart, the seat

771
01:03:58.880 --> 01:04:02.880
of intelligence. Heron of Alexandria,
inventor of gearboxes and steam gears and author

772
01:04:02.920 --> 01:04:09.280
of automaton, the first work on
robots, Apollonius of pergamo, the mathematician

773
01:04:09.360 --> 01:04:13.000
who demonstrated the forms of conical sections, ellips, ellipse, parable and hyperbola,

774
01:04:13.639 --> 01:04:16.360
the curves that, as we know
today, follow in their orbits,

775
01:04:16.679 --> 01:04:20.559
planets, comets and archimed stars,
the greatest mechanical genius up to Leonardo da

776
01:04:20.599 --> 01:04:27.800
Vinci and the geographer astronomer Ptolemy,
who compiled much of what today is the

777
01:04:27.880 --> 01:04:32.679
pseudoscience of astrology. Its earth-
centered universe was in vogue for 1,

778
01:04:33.320 --> 01:04:38.880
500 years, which reminds us that
intellectual capacity was not a guarantee of the

779
01:04:38.920 --> 01:04:45.480
wasteland. And here comes this other
part, and among these great men there

780
01:04:45.639 --> 01:04:50.119
was a great woman and mathematical and
astronoma patia. The last light of the

781
01:04:50.199 --> 01:04:55.360
library, whose Martirium was linked to
the destruction of the library. If seven

782
01:04:55.440 --> 01:05:00.880
centuries after its foundation, how strong
is it wanted context. S because after

783
01:05:00.920 --> 01:05:04.559
this happened, after the Dioclesian fire, first that of Julius Caesar, then

784
01:05:04.599 --> 01:05:10.599
Dioclesian and so many other fires suffered
by the library, the library was relegated

785
01:05:10.639 --> 01:05:14.480
as to a background and much of
all that knowledge was compiled in the serapeum.

786
01:05:15.559 --> 01:05:19.800
But in those fires it is said
that the one hundred and twenty-

787
01:05:20.079 --> 01:05:27.199
three works of sophocles that remained were
lost and the great Greek tragedies were saved

788
01:05:27.360 --> 01:05:32.639
only seven, including Ediporrey. And
it turns out that, in the meantime,

789
01:05:32.880 --> 01:05:39.760
while all this was happening and there
was that huge, so feverish but

790
01:05:39.880 --> 01:05:43.199
so enriching discussion of all those geniuses
that lasted their four centuries. All that

791
01:05:43.280 --> 01:05:47.239
time comes the time of Ipatia,
who was the daughter of a mathematical philosopher,

792
01:05:47.880 --> 01:05:53.719
astronomer, also a light that called
Theon and Theon raised her like that

793
01:05:53.840 --> 01:06:00.320
and she overcame him by far.
But he far overcame it. Turns out

794
01:06:00.800 --> 01:06:10.400
Patia and when she lived. Turns
out she lived in the fourth and fifth

795
01:06:10.760 --> 01:06:14.880
centuries, that is, in the
three hundred. She was supposed to be

796
01:06:14.880 --> 01:06:21.719
born in three hundred and fifty-
five. By that time, let us

797
01:06:21.719 --> 01:06:28.559
remember that Constantine, in the three
hundred and thirteen, promulgated the Edict of

798
01:06:28.599 --> 01:06:32.760
Milan, by which the persecution of
Christians was prohibited. It did not,

799
01:06:33.119 --> 01:06:39.400
as thought, adopt Christianity as an
official religion, but it prohibited persecution.

800
01:06:40.639 --> 01:06:45.159
In fact, they say he was
the first Christian emperor. Yes, but

801
01:06:45.239 --> 01:06:47.360
on his bed of Moribundo, he
was not baptized, but when he was

802
01:06:47.440 --> 01:06:54.880
already dying. And then with that, for he had settled that terrible persecution

803
01:06:54.880 --> 01:06:58.519
of Diocclesian. In the three hundred
and six, which ended there and in

804
01:06:58.639 --> 01:07:04.159
the three hundred and eighty- one, Theodosius promulgated the Edict of Thessalonica,

805
01:07:04.840 --> 01:07:10.000
by which religion and Christianity were adopted
as an official State religion. There,

806
01:07:10.039 --> 01:07:16.039
yes, that gave the fans carte
blanche for them to go to the same

807
01:07:16.119 --> 01:07:23.480
weapons they had been victims of.
Then, in Alexandria there was a patriarch

808
01:07:23.599 --> 01:07:31.599
named Theophilus, a brilliant man,
but fanatical to die and then it happened.

809
01:07:31.880 --> 01:07:39.199
His nephew Cyril served even more recalcitrant
so much that he had an army

810
01:07:39.320 --> 01:07:44.719
of five hundred hermit monks who had
brought the desert, who were the most

811
01:07:44.800 --> 01:07:50.920
belligerent of all, who were the
Parabolans. With the promulgation of the Edict

812
01:07:51.000 --> 01:07:58.280
of Thessalonica, the door was opened
for Christians to pursue everything that smelled like

813
01:07:58.360 --> 01:08:01.559
Pagano and Alejo. Andrea was supposed
to be a diabolical city according to Christians,

814
01:08:02.000 --> 01:08:08.599
because of all the diversity of thought
and delantatura that existed there. And

815
01:08:08.719 --> 01:08:15.960
then Theophilus forgives. Sirilo first,
Theophilus began to destroy all pagan temples,

816
01:08:15.399 --> 01:08:20.600
all of them converted them into churches, persecuted the pagans and Siri continued with

817
01:08:20.760 --> 01:08:26.560
his work, ending the ancient religion, the gippy of more than three thousand

818
01:08:27.439 --> 01:08:31.520
years and the Greek one. However, absolutely with everything, and homeland that

819
01:08:31.520 --> 01:08:40.720
was astronoma, was philosophical, was
mathematical, was music. I applied mathematics

820
01:08:40.840 --> 01:08:45.800
to music. He was one of
the first to find an affinity or that

821
01:08:46.039 --> 01:08:54.359
the music was pure mathematics. She
was the author of it. It was

822
01:08:54.439 --> 01:09:00.760
already the astrolabe, that instrument of
navigation with which the seas sailed until the

823
01:09:00.000 --> 01:09:06.199
20th century. Still the Arabians that
carry the ships happened were oriented thanks to

824
01:09:06.199 --> 01:09:12.000
the stars, correct, clear and
determined the time and the days and so

825
01:09:12.000 --> 01:09:16.399
on. But she took the astrolabe, which was very primitive, she revised

826
01:09:16.880 --> 01:09:21.840
it and made a true astrolabe,
which was the one that really later became

827
01:09:23.000 --> 01:09:28.319
an instrument that could not miss in
navigation. She invented the hydrometer to measure

828
01:09:28.439 --> 01:09:32.520
the density and volume of water.
Apart from that, with her father with

829
01:09:32.680 --> 01:09:39.600
theon, she corrected some of Uclid' s postulates of Euclid' s geometry.

830
01:09:40.359 --> 01:09:44.880
She was the first one to really
interpret algebra as it was. Anyway,

831
01:09:45.119 --> 01:09:49.000
that woman was a crime, she
was a part of everything. Apart

832
01:09:49.119 --> 01:09:54.279
from everything, she was a beautiful
woman. They say she was the most

833
01:09:54.359 --> 01:09:59.000
beautiful woman in Alexandria. History says
she was born in the three hundred and

834
01:09:59.000 --> 01:10:03.239
seventy, but it turns out that
the review of that story concludes that she

835
01:10:03.279 --> 01:10:08.520
was born in the three hundred and
fifty- five and was born in the

836
01:10:08.600 --> 01:10:11.560
three hundred and fifty- five for
a very elementary reason. One of his

837
01:10:11.600 --> 01:10:14.960
most outstanding students who was also one
of his biographers, Sinecio des Irene,

838
01:10:15.039 --> 01:10:25.800
who later became bishop. He claims
he was born in the three hundred and

839
01:10:25.880 --> 01:10:28.680
seventy, historically proven. Therefore,
if she was also born in the three

840
01:10:28.720 --> 01:10:31.800
hundred and seventy, then a child
could not be the master guide of another

841
01:10:31.800 --> 01:10:35.840
kind who had been born of her
own age. Then everything indicates that she

842
01:10:35.920 --> 01:10:39.560
was born in three hundred and fifty- five. Therefore, she was already

843
01:10:39.560 --> 01:10:43.279
a mature woman, but her beauty
was such that she captivated everyone, apart

844
01:10:43.359 --> 01:10:47.680
from her grace, her way of
speaking, gentle respectful, her voice was

845
01:10:47.680 --> 01:10:55.960
an intelligent melody. She captivated all
men and her intelligence was proverbial and then

846
01:10:56.039 --> 01:11:00.640
they came from all over the Mediterranean
to listen to her and to pres she

847
01:11:00.720 --> 01:11:04.840
was the great teacher, because she
also became the banner of neoplatonism, because

848
01:11:04.920 --> 01:11:09.800
she studied Plotino a lot and then
she became the standard bearer of neoplatonism,

849
01:11:10.000 --> 01:11:15.159
which was the prevailing philosophy at that
time. And that was compelling for Sidilo,

850
01:11:15.239 --> 01:11:19.199
that every day he was going to
throw sad against her, but he

851
01:11:19.319 --> 01:11:23.560
didn' t know what to do
with her. Cyril and the Church have

852
01:11:23.760 --> 01:11:26.880
come across us. Then they'
re going to tell the end of this

853
01:11:27.000 --> 01:11:29.800
story, that the truth is pretty
tragic. One of the things that didn

854
01:11:29.880 --> 01:11:32.399
' t give us time. The
other day we also wanted to bring in

855
01:11:33.039 --> 01:11:36.199
women who had a spirit of rebellion
and put it in the lead, but

856
01:11:36.239 --> 01:11:39.239
we talked so much that it was
hate time. I wanted to tell you,

857
01:11:39.520 --> 01:11:43.520
even briefly, she is a woman
who, with God in her heart

858
01:11:43.640 --> 01:11:46.800
and the Sword in her hand,
changed the history of France. Joan of

859
01:11:46.840 --> 01:11:50.720
Arc, Alexander Bernal, John Ge, a woman who was born in a

860
01:11:50.960 --> 01:11:55.399
thousand four hundred and twelve and whose
role was fundamental in the history of France.

861
01:11:55.760 --> 01:11:59.319
In France, in his intervention in
the War of the hundred years,

862
01:12:00.119 --> 01:12:02.720
a woman who suffered a series of
ecstasy that, in fact, according to

863
01:12:02.760 --> 01:12:08.560
her biographers, had visions in which
she had contact with the Archangel Michael,

864
01:12:08.880 --> 01:12:13.560
Saint Margaret, Catherine of Alexandria and
to give a context to the listeners,

865
01:12:13.680 --> 01:12:16.520
a woman who was born in a
very humble context, a peasant, who

866
01:12:16.560 --> 01:12:21.479
John, when he turned thirteen,
came to comment that he had an ecstasy,

867
01:12:23.239 --> 01:12:27.600
a moment of contact with an apparently
divine entity. I did see her

868
01:12:27.720 --> 01:12:32.680
who told her that she had to
play a fundamental role in getting the English

869
01:12:32.840 --> 01:12:38.600
out of France. At that time
it was a war context. The English

870
01:12:38.720 --> 01:12:44.560
had practically taken over northern France and
much of Galo territory. And this girl,

871
01:12:44.680 --> 01:12:48.520
a very humble peasant, receives this
message. And, apart from this

872
01:12:49.159 --> 01:12:54.800
very striking message, Juange this entity, this being she contacts, tells her

873
01:12:54.800 --> 01:12:58.640
that she has to talk to the
one who was to be the French monarch

874
01:12:58.960 --> 01:13:03.960
Charles Seventh, and accompany him to
his enthronement. You' ll imagine that

875
01:13:04.079 --> 01:13:11.119
such a humble woman saying this kind
of thing, how it' s possible

876
01:13:11.399 --> 01:13:14.399
to meet a French nobleman in that
context. Juangel tells him look I had

877
01:13:14.479 --> 01:13:17.640
a vision where I know I have
to talk to the future monarch and I

878
01:13:17.720 --> 01:13:21.600
have to get the English out of
here the guy doesn' t believe him

879
01:13:21.680 --> 01:13:26.159
and she tells him we' re
going to lose a very important battle.

880
01:13:27.479 --> 01:13:30.359
It' s a battle that'
s going to be lost. This nobleman

881
01:13:30.479 --> 01:13:32.640
tells you good, but how do
you know, because they told me,

882
01:13:32.880 --> 01:13:39.319
we' re going to lose this
battle. In fact, a few days

883
01:13:39.920 --> 01:13:43.760
later they learned that the French had
really lost much of the territory. In

884
01:13:43.840 --> 01:13:48.640
fact, the confrontation that she had
manifested, this noble takes her before Charles

885
01:13:48.680 --> 01:13:53.319
VII And you will imagine, Juan
Gel impact, that a guy who was

886
01:13:53.399 --> 01:13:57.680
concerned about war matters, about handling
the army, because the English had them

887
01:13:57.800 --> 01:14:01.680
on him and that a humble neighbor
camp in that medieval age of seventeen years

888
01:14:01.840 --> 01:14:06.760
told him is that I come to
take the English out of France and accompany

889
01:14:06.960 --> 01:14:13.920
her to become a new monarch.
The guy' s surprised the whole courthouse

890
01:14:13.960 --> 01:14:16.359
and he says she' s either
crazy, or she' s a sorceress

891
01:14:16.359 --> 01:14:23.119
or something happens. But Charles VII
says Eye, we could use it as

892
01:14:23.479 --> 01:14:27.760
a banner to raise morale to our
troops, that the n are very bad.

893
01:14:28.319 --> 01:14:31.800
And if we have a girl who
says divine providence is on our side,

894
01:14:32.159 --> 01:14:38.880
then we can raise morale to our
troops. Juange. In fact,

895
01:14:38.960 --> 01:14:43.800
they carry this girl something that was
known as the Battle of Orleans Juange and

896
01:14:43.920 --> 01:14:48.560
was impressive because when they were going
to take her to be part of the

897
01:14:48.840 --> 01:14:51.880
army, they practically had to disguise
her as a man. He had to

898
01:14:51.920 --> 01:14:57.279
pose as a man. Estu Ojo
had very important consequences in the future and

899
01:14:57.359 --> 01:15:01.000
in the judgment that was made for
heresy to her. Some time later they

900
01:15:01.560 --> 01:15:04.199
came to where the troops were.
He meets with the high command and tells

901
01:15:04.279 --> 01:15:09.600
them the same thing. I come
because a divine entity tells me that I

902
01:15:09.720 --> 01:15:13.560
have to make it possible to bring
out the English and enthrone the king.

903
01:15:14.560 --> 01:15:16.000
The Commander tells you, but you' re a child. You don'

904
01:15:16.079 --> 01:15:19.079
t know how to use guns.
Take a banner. They say Joan was

905
01:15:19.239 --> 01:15:25.880
walking around the banner on the battlefield. The English were surprised. They didn

906
01:15:25.960 --> 01:15:28.439
' t know if to laugh,
if to mock. They were baffled.

907
01:15:28.960 --> 01:15:33.039
The truth is that the French began
to win positions, They took several battle

908
01:15:33.119 --> 01:15:38.279
stations and, in fact, the
morale of the troops had advanced to such

909
01:15:38.359 --> 01:15:43.680
a level that Joan of Arc was
actually seen, as we could say,

910
01:15:43.880 --> 01:15:48.359
that a symbol of that French recovery, of the French resistance to such an

911
01:15:48.439 --> 01:15:55.359
extent that it accompanies Charles VII Juange, in fact, to enthronement here.

912
01:15:55.520 --> 01:16:00.880
I am, in fact, recalling
specifically, in the year one thousand four

913
01:16:00.880 --> 01:16:05.640
hundred and twenty- nine, when
he arrives with Charles VII, Raims had

914
01:16:05.640 --> 01:16:09.119
obtained several victories. He was already
a very important character. Charles VII in

915
01:16:09.199 --> 01:16:15.720
Tnizas fulfilled the prophecy what these entities
told him. It turns out that the

916
01:16:15.800 --> 01:16:19.319
English who had learned this accused her
of sorcerer and a daughter of the devil.

917
01:16:19.479 --> 01:16:24.199
How it is possible that an infant
and a simple peasant will appear on

918
01:16:24.239 --> 01:16:28.720
the battlefield and the French will begin
to win us the Gaul territory. Turns

919
01:16:28.760 --> 01:16:31.640
out they subtract it. In a
thousand four hundred and thirty, Juangel is

920
01:16:31.640 --> 01:16:36.359
ambushed, caught, kidnapped, taken
to a court where she is judged for

921
01:16:36.479 --> 01:16:42.920
heresy where even John Gey, this
is a very sad part of this story,

922
01:16:43.119 --> 01:16:47.960
had her chained. Any female garment
had been taken from him. They

923
01:16:48.000 --> 01:16:53.520
had left her man' s clothes
for a basic reason, because they knew

924
01:16:53.640 --> 01:16:57.840
that, deep down, it was
very difficult to accuse heresy, because she

925
01:16:57.840 --> 01:17:00.840
was a very smart girl. At
no time had we told them to give

926
01:17:00.920 --> 01:17:04.960
her a chance to accuse her of
that, but if I could accuse her

927
01:17:04.960 --> 01:17:10.399
of after- kissing. That'
s why they gave him that connotation.

928
01:17:10.560 --> 01:17:15.159
Juan Ge and those characteristics. And
Joan of Arc was executed at the stake

929
01:17:15.239 --> 01:17:16.960
on the thirtieth of May, one
thousand four hundred and thirty- one.

930
01:17:17.479 --> 01:17:23.600
His remains were exhibited in part of
England as a heretic for the English,

931
01:17:23.840 --> 01:17:28.920
but quite a heroine, a war
hero for the French and a woman who

932
01:17:29.039 --> 01:17:32.920
passed history for her bravery and with
a mystic fairy who is still a heroine

933
01:17:33.079 --> 01:17:40.760
in France. Thanks to that we
were commenting in the interview with us to

934
01:17:40.840 --> 01:17:45.520
Command Alzate, the fascinating life of
a genius of science in ancient times and

935
01:17:46.359 --> 01:17:50.880
Pattia of Alexandria, who unfortunately had
a sad ending, and the interview continues

936
01:17:51.479 --> 01:17:58.039
like this. She never wanted to
get married. He remained not only a

937
01:17:58.159 --> 01:18:04.039
virgin, but obviously a celibate,
for David remained celibate and had many suitors,

938
01:18:04.399 --> 01:18:10.239
but there was one who was very
important and was orestes orestes, he

939
01:18:10.279 --> 01:18:14.039
was the prefect of the city,
the governor of the city of Alexandria,

940
01:18:14.920 --> 01:18:18.760
and she, besides a polytologist,
we could say, looking at him from

941
01:18:18.960 --> 01:18:25.199
today' s perspective, was the
political adviser, because it was also to

942
01:18:25.199 --> 01:18:28.640
be said in terms of economist.
Also then she was the advisor sap of

943
01:18:28.720 --> 01:18:33.640
Orestes and Siri was confronted with Orestes
because she assumed that if Christianity was already

944
01:18:33.720 --> 01:18:39.560
an official religion, then, in
its own right, it should govern the

945
01:18:39.560 --> 01:18:45.720
city. And Oreste confronted him.
He was confronted and had many, many

946
01:18:45.800 --> 01:18:50.800
confrontations. In one of them they
even tempted Orestes, opened his head,

947
01:18:51.279 --> 01:18:58.680
left him wounded for a long time
and Patria swore to him because he was

948
01:18:58.680 --> 01:19:03.600
also a doctor. He also knew
how to heal. Then Orestes, in

949
01:19:03.640 --> 01:19:11.319
addition, was in love with her. This story is lent to another student

950
01:19:11.439 --> 01:19:15.439
of hers, but there are those
who say it was Orestes. He asked

951
01:19:15.520 --> 01:19:17.920
her to marry him and asked her
to marry him and looked for her and

952
01:19:18.000 --> 01:19:21.439
she wouldn' t. And one
day to get rid of him in a

953
01:19:21.439 --> 01:19:28.720
class he was dictating and orestes say
they say he was another student came up

954
01:19:28.800 --> 01:19:32.880
to ask him to marry. She
got a garment, a handkerchief impregnated with

955
01:19:33.039 --> 01:19:36.159
her menstrual blood and Joe, this
is the woman you think is a goddess

956
01:19:36.279 --> 01:19:40.680
be and gives what she is and
with that she took it off and fashioned

957
01:19:40.680 --> 01:19:46.720
a way of living that they called
sophronesis, which consisted of yes or no.

958
01:19:51.439 --> 01:19:58.159
Sofrosine. Sofrosine, which consists of
the person acting, contemplation, weighting,

959
01:19:59.000 --> 01:20:02.840
serenity, is a roof of virtues. Rather, it is the sum

960
01:20:02.880 --> 01:20:09.000
of virtues. And then she practiced
it, and wherever I took it,

961
01:20:09.119 --> 01:20:13.439
everyone revered it. They came from
everywhere to meet her and centuries could not

962
01:20:13.479 --> 01:20:17.239
bear that because, as well,
she was the counselor of orestes and she

963
01:20:17.359 --> 01:20:24.239
was confronted with orestes. She was
more dangerous than orestes and that' s

964
01:20:24.279 --> 01:20:28.520
why she scared off her parabolans.
And in March of the year four hundred

965
01:20:29.600 --> 01:20:32.680
and fifteen, she was coming to
her house, they took her out of

966
01:20:32.760 --> 01:20:38.399
there, dragged her down the street, took her to a temple and at

967
01:20:38.560 --> 01:20:44.319
that time they suffocated her with seashells
and with shingles. The one with this

968
01:20:44.439 --> 01:20:49.159
ripped off the skin, the throws
what a chest, yes and the p

969
01:20:49.159 --> 01:20:57.760
me. I think this moment marks
worldwide, in the known world, the

970
01:20:57.760 --> 01:21:01.479
moment when you were going to him
if here I was the power above anything.

971
01:21:03.159 --> 01:21:08.319
And, besides that science, we
have to put an end to it

972
01:21:08.439 --> 01:21:11.840
and that with philosophy and knowledge,
we have to put an end to it,

973
01:21:12.279 --> 01:21:15.319
because the only ones who can talk
about philosophy and knowledge are madness.

974
01:21:15.880 --> 01:21:21.640
This moment is over, the Lomarca, the intolerance, that is, that

975
01:21:21.720 --> 01:21:26.800
' s why I said right now. The terrible thing about all of this

976
01:21:26.920 --> 01:21:30.359
is that these practices, still of
skinning alive, were what the Roman emperors

977
01:21:30.399 --> 01:21:35.239
did in the persecutions with the Christians
in the Amphitheatre and once they are released

978
01:21:35.359 --> 01:21:40.199
from these tortures, they apply them
to their enemies. Yes, but,

979
01:21:40.680 --> 01:21:45.960
among other things, Sirilo ended up
being holy, not St Cyril was not

980
01:21:45.880 --> 01:21:54.000
finished in altars. She, apart
from being skinned, as I tell you,

981
01:21:54.880 --> 01:21:58.680
was bitten in pieces and taken to
a place she called the Sinarion,

982
01:21:59.159 --> 01:22:02.880
which was like a crematorium, and
then her ashes were spulted all over Alexandria.

983
01:22:05.239 --> 01:22:11.680
What a barbarity and it is supposed
that they gave him death letter to

984
01:22:11.720 --> 01:22:15.239
the same library in Alexandria. He' ll be Peum and that' s

985
01:22:15.239 --> 01:22:17.720
his name. It was no longer
the ancient library of Alexandria, but another.

986
01:22:17.920 --> 01:22:23.920
Fortunately, some managed to keep some
manuscripts, but the bulk of all

987
01:22:24.000 --> 01:22:27.680
the knowledge that was there had already
disappeared. They burned it. What this

988
01:22:27.920 --> 01:22:32.359
woman is that' s how terrible
she was telling you. But how is

989
01:22:32.479 --> 01:22:36.199
it possible if they chase me?
My parents, they died, my grandparents,

990
01:22:38.159 --> 01:22:41.560
they died, they tortured them like
me, they tortured others because they

991
01:22:41.680 --> 01:22:45.520
don' t think like me when
my family was tortured because I thought like

992
01:22:45.520 --> 01:22:48.600
me. That' s the story
in this and today, like it was

993
01:22:48.720 --> 01:22:54.159
a society of one and the other. From how political we have to face

994
01:22:54.279 --> 01:22:59.960
it. She does, but I
call you a woman like a hippie,

995
01:23:00.000 --> 01:23:04.880
it can hardly be found in history. Apart from being a beautiful woman.

996
01:23:05.000 --> 01:23:08.880
He died without being born in three
hundred and fifty- five. He died

997
01:23:08.920 --> 01:23:12.880
in the four hundred and fifteen,
about fifty years, a little over fifty

998
01:23:12.880 --> 01:23:16.039
years. I put you away as
a mathematician, because I' m a

999
01:23:16.159 --> 01:23:23.600
nosceal who was already an entry woman
in years. Yes, but notice that

1000
01:23:23.720 --> 01:23:29.239
barbarity, because and Homeland is such
an important female character, because it is

1001
01:23:29.319 --> 01:23:32.920
the one that marks that crucial change
in history. Christianity wants to do it

1002
01:23:33.039 --> 01:23:39.159
with power and it wants to do
it with power by stupidizing the people.

1003
01:23:40.279 --> 01:23:44.439
I mean, he didn' t
like it. It is added, John

1004
01:23:44.560 --> 01:23:49.880
and with another addition you can say. Some claim that the Middle Ages began

1005
01:23:49.920 --> 01:23:53.920
in the four hundred and seventy-
six, when the Roman Empire ended.

1006
01:23:54.640 --> 01:23:59.720
I would say that the Middle Ages
began there when they killed Homeland there in

1007
01:24:00.279 --> 01:24:06.279
the four hundredth century madness, madness, and madness Alejandra Banal Juan Gey joined

1008
01:24:06.880 --> 01:24:12.319
me in her diatribe about Christianity,
the Romans respected the religions and beliefs of

1009
01:24:12.680 --> 01:24:14.560
other peoples so that they lived together, allowed them to continue to exist.

1010
01:24:14.720 --> 01:24:17.720
When Christianity prevailed in Europe and much
of the n and they adopted all the

1011
01:24:17.840 --> 01:24:21.359
gods they wanted. Those who brought
them received him there. Yeah, they

1012
01:24:21.359 --> 01:24:26.600
knew, they all got it.
The exact Roman pantheon. The respected ended

1013
01:24:26.760 --> 01:24:30.880
up with all the power they had. It' s over merciably. Yeah,

1014
01:24:30.960 --> 01:24:32.880
of course it was something that didn' t happen. Juange. For

1015
01:24:32.960 --> 01:24:38.560
me, it' s a most
tragic story. For me, Patia is

1016
01:24:38.680 --> 01:24:43.079
not only one of the most important
women in history, but an immeasurable loss

1017
01:24:43.399 --> 01:24:49.640
to science, so that we realize
the dimension of this woman. It turns

1018
01:24:49.800 --> 01:24:55.560
out that Diophant of Alexandria had laid
the foundations of what was algebra, was

1019
01:24:55.600 --> 01:25:00.760
a brilliant mathematician precisely of this city
and Patti. Turns out he knew Diofant

1020
01:25:00.840 --> 01:25:05.520
' s work, this man had
proposed some equations the base, some algebraic

1021
01:25:06.039 --> 01:25:12.279
equations and Patria perfected them, totally
improved them. Moreover, this woman,

1022
01:25:12.600 --> 01:25:17.479
as she was so eager for various
leaders of knowledge, also had the ability

1023
01:25:17.600 --> 01:25:23.319
to access and review the work of
Claudio Tolemeo, a man who had laid

1024
01:25:23.399 --> 01:25:27.520
much of the foundation for what was
astronomy of that time and thanks to the

1025
01:25:28.119 --> 01:25:32.399
work of Ipatria, a greater precision
was achieved in the astronomical knowledge of the

1026
01:25:32.520 --> 01:25:39.520
Juange era. This was so tragic
and it was so sad and I repeat

1027
01:25:39.600 --> 01:25:45.000
it is one of the most terrible
deaths in history. An immeasurable tragedy that

1028
01:25:45.079 --> 01:25:49.920
is said that Damacio, who was
a neo- Platonic philosopher, after having

1029
01:25:50.159 --> 01:25:57.119
known this terrible and so tragic death, is said to have taken a rather

1030
01:25:57.560 --> 01:26:04.000
contrary stance of animas version towards Christianity, to see how followers in this case

1031
01:26:04.119 --> 01:26:11.000
of Cyril John Ge had decided to
finish this woman who had practically done nothing

1032
01:26:11.119 --> 01:26:15.039
to them. She was a woman
who was seen practically as a heretic,

1033
01:26:15.520 --> 01:26:18.840
almost as a witch, as a
magician, simply for having a knowledge and

1034
01:26:19.000 --> 01:26:24.399
practices that clearly exceeded at the time. One of the most tragic stories in

1035
01:26:24.399 --> 01:26:30.319
history is that you know this already. I don' t like him that

1036
01:26:30.359 --> 01:26:32.159
much and Pattia that' s the
one who tangled my life with algebra.

1037
01:26:35.760 --> 01:26:40.680
To me too of this incredible ormid
what I tell you one thing that has

1038
01:26:40.680 --> 01:26:44.199
said in this that we speak first
of the beginning of the Middle Ages,

1039
01:26:44.279 --> 01:26:49.600
when the Roman Empire falls and I
goth with Christan Rome. But really the

1040
01:26:49.720 --> 01:26:55.880
beginning of that ocurantism that lasts a
lot of centuries, for me it marks

1041
01:26:56.000 --> 01:27:00.279
also the murder of Patia. Moreover, in such a cruel way, to

1042
01:27:00.359 --> 01:27:03.600
skin her with seashells, that is, to skin her alive and not even

1043
01:27:03.720 --> 01:27:09.520
with a knife, something that would
do her more harm even then it is

1044
01:27:09.720 --> 01:27:14.680
a cruelty and a brutal hatred that
make that from there society, well it

1045
01:27:14.800 --> 01:27:18.279
becomes dark because everything has to be
Christianity and there is no science in knowledge,

1046
01:27:18.479 --> 01:27:20.640
but everything is in the Bible and
outside the Bible there is nothing.

1047
01:27:23.239 --> 01:27:26.640
Then of course, the delay in
humanity is a thousand years, for imagine

1048
01:27:26.760 --> 01:27:30.000
how we would be now if characters
like my patia or could have ended their

1049
01:27:30.119 --> 01:27:34.960
lives quietly and the rest of the
scientists who could have been born after and

1050
01:27:36.359 --> 01:27:41.640
who could not speak or get into
the subject of knowledge that was forbidden,

1051
01:27:41.640 --> 01:27:45.680
was forbidden. Take care of this. I have here a beautiful book,

1052
01:27:46.880 --> 01:27:53.079
which is a book called women and
evolution. This is a work of art.

1053
01:27:53.279 --> 01:27:57.199
I think this book is worth having. I don' t remember what

1054
01:27:57.239 --> 01:28:01.560
the author calls it. I even
have a friend of my acquaintance, but

1055
01:28:01.600 --> 01:28:09.000
take care of what Iparquia tells him, who reprimanded him because he did not

1056
01:28:09.039 --> 01:28:13.119
engage in the tasks proper to his
sex, and Parka, aware of what

1057
01:28:13.199 --> 01:28:16.640
could be revolutionary in his attitude,
replied ipattiale resp It is not that I

1058
01:28:16.640 --> 01:28:23.279
am here talking about himself. Homeland
says you think I' ve done wrong

1059
01:28:23.359 --> 01:28:28.479
in consecrating the study the time I
should have lost as a weaver because of

1060
01:28:28.479 --> 01:28:31.520
my sex and then Antipatro does a
poem that says the following. I and

1061
01:28:31.640 --> 01:28:38.399
Parkia did not follow the customs of
the female sex, but with a manly

1062
01:28:38.560 --> 01:28:42.079
heart I followed the strong dogs.
I didn' t like the mantle with

1063
01:28:42.159 --> 01:28:46.119
the fable or barefoot and my tape
forgot the perfume. Today barefoot with a

1064
01:28:46.199 --> 01:28:49.479
cane a dress. My limbs cover
me and I have the hard land instead

1065
01:28:49.560 --> 01:28:54.439
of a bed, I own my
life to know as much and more than

1066
01:28:54.520 --> 01:29:00.760
the menades, to marry how beautiful. And that starts with the curantism that

1067
01:29:00.840 --> 01:29:04.399
I think besides, and Batty is
the first victim, only ten minutes from

1068
01:29:04.479 --> 01:29:12.560
the interview. But really then it
has the colment when in the thirteenth century

1069
01:29:12.680 --> 01:29:18.880
it starts the Holy Inquisition and the
Holy Inquisition to the ancient connoisseurs of the

1070
01:29:18.960 --> 01:29:25.119
Western world, to the women who
had knowledge of the plants, the women

1071
01:29:25.720 --> 01:29:30.680
who kept the shamanism, the women
who kept the consciousness of an ancient knowledge,

1072
01:29:32.199 --> 01:29:38.880
say, it liquidates it, sends
it directly to the bonfire And that

1073
01:29:39.039 --> 01:29:43.199
is the sad role that, unfortunately, they are played by woman in history

1074
01:29:43.199 --> 01:29:46.720
for a thousand years. And this
is an albarez, especially because, when

1075
01:29:46.920 --> 01:29:51.039
it is, this process of inquisition, something that had begun in principle.

1076
01:29:55.039 --> 01:30:05.840
Let' s say it to pursue
heresies, when James Sprenger and Henry Krammer

1077
01:30:06.640 --> 01:30:13.159
wrote the maleficted maelstrom of witches by
order of eighth innocence, the inquisition is

1078
01:30:13.239 --> 01:30:18.560
created already to pursue witches. Yes, and that brutal And it turns out

1079
01:30:18.680 --> 01:30:25.279
that if you see the archetype of
the witch that we know now is the

1080
01:30:25.279 --> 01:30:28.760
woman of prognatical chin, that is, with long, toothed bamba and,

1081
01:30:28.960 --> 01:30:30.640
therefore, the humbamba. Let'
s say in that way that almost a

1082
01:30:30.760 --> 01:30:36.680
wart next to the nose, and
it was that simply to start and intimidate

1083
01:30:36.720 --> 01:30:42.399
the population, the oldest and poorest
women were chosen to be able to burn

1084
01:30:42.479 --> 01:30:46.439
them. In principle, that later
became. It was in an industry then

1085
01:30:47.239 --> 01:30:53.000
that he denounced was entitled to some
of the possessions of the person complained of.

1086
01:30:53.399 --> 01:30:58.039
There was no distinction of any kind
there. But basically, although many

1087
01:30:58.279 --> 01:31:04.680
men were burned San Boris Narola,
Jordano Bruno and so many others, it

1088
01:31:04.800 --> 01:31:09.880
was really directed against women. And
in part of this, also with those

1089
01:31:10.640 --> 01:31:18.319
old inquisitors captained by torque, for
example, which was the archetype of the

1090
01:31:18.479 --> 01:31:27.439
inquisitors, it turns out that they, apparently like they had, I don

1091
01:31:27.479 --> 01:31:32.840
' t think that impressive sexual aberrations, because they knew it was to see

1092
01:31:33.319 --> 01:31:36.760
the parts, the intimate parts of
the women, sculpted them, played them.

1093
01:31:38.319 --> 01:31:42.119
Well, that was also a thing
as they were whipped where, for

1094
01:31:42.239 --> 01:31:45.119
example, the classic torture of the
inquisition, for example, the torture of

1095
01:31:45.239 --> 01:31:50.920
the water where the woman was put
on a stool or is down with her

1096
01:31:51.000 --> 01:31:55.319
head, lower than her feet.
His head was covered with a cloth and

1097
01:31:55.399 --> 01:32:00.239
water was pouring on him and he
was obviously wet and practically undressing. I

1098
01:32:00.279 --> 01:32:02.159
used to make it out of the
turtle in the claw. They also put

1099
01:32:02.199 --> 01:32:08.279
them naked and tied their hands on
the parts. I think there was a

1100
01:32:08.319 --> 01:32:14.560
super- important erotic component of priests
and madness that supposedly were celibates and so

1101
01:32:14.680 --> 01:32:17.439
on, and so what they were
doing was good, so, to treat

1102
01:32:17.439 --> 01:32:23.279
her, paste her and put on
the nudes, touch them as you said,

1103
01:32:23.520 --> 01:32:27.000
to look for the most famous marks
of witches, and so what they

1104
01:32:27.000 --> 01:32:30.239
fulfilled. They were erotic dreams that
they could not have in their life,

1105
01:32:30.960 --> 01:32:35.199
in their normal life, it was
a tremendously dark time where the woman is

1106
01:32:35.359 --> 01:32:41.760
billipend, already to the maximum,
where the woman humbles herself to the point

1107
01:32:41.880 --> 01:32:45.359
of saying the woman is nothing in
history. The woman has absolutely nothing to

1108
01:32:45.560 --> 01:32:49.920
have children and to be quiet at
home to do what she says to the

1109
01:32:50.039 --> 01:32:55.199
man and St and it is a
speech that the Church, unfortunately, was

1110
01:32:55.279 --> 01:32:58.239
a thousand years old. Well,
we don' t want to get into

1111
01:32:58.239 --> 01:33:00.880
trouble because today, for example,
there are no women who can be priests

1112
01:33:00.960 --> 01:33:05.039
from the Catholic Church. Of course, that' s a little complicated,

1113
01:33:05.319 --> 01:33:10.279
but yes it' s a very
heavy story that in this program that we

1114
01:33:10.319 --> 01:33:15.000
' re doing the role of women
in history, I think the start with

1115
01:33:15.119 --> 01:33:19.199
ipatia that is a woman of science
and that to justice and then straight away.

1116
01:33:20.279 --> 01:33:25.840
The birth of the Inquisition in the
13th century has already relegated the role

1117
01:33:25.880 --> 01:33:30.039
of women in history to a deep
background, in which it is there that

1118
01:33:30.600 --> 01:33:33.439
I believe they begin to resurrect characters
like Madame Curie, already in the moments

1119
01:33:33.560 --> 01:33:41.680
of brilliant science and God. Thank
you, already after World War II,

1120
01:33:42.119 --> 01:33:45.600
after World War II, when the
woman really continues to remember Bacchus, science

1121
01:33:45.880 --> 01:33:51.600
and everyone, remember me. Leva
Marick and Leva Mari the sa of Einstein

1122
01:33:51.720 --> 01:33:57.439
' s who say it was really
that the geno was her, not him.

1123
01:33:58.039 --> 01:34:01.880
If I take Marick, I read
it' s one thing that was

1124
01:34:01.880 --> 01:34:06.520
unlucky. Besides, it was a
buja problem, sister was lame, but

1125
01:34:06.720 --> 01:34:15.359
she writes a letter telling a friend, my husband and I are. My

1126
01:34:15.479 --> 01:34:17.760
husband and I are working on something
that' s gonna revolutionize the world.

1127
01:34:17.800 --> 01:34:24.159
In the theory of relativity, it
seems that she was really a genius of

1128
01:34:24.239 --> 01:34:29.960
mathematics and Albert she was the music, she was the obcalcules. Indeed,

1129
01:34:30.479 --> 01:34:33.520
she was already. It' s
funny because Albert Eistin, when he gets

1130
01:34:33.680 --> 01:34:36.319
the Nobel Prize, that' s
when he' s already divorced. And

1131
01:34:36.399 --> 01:34:42.399
so, the whole money of the
Nobel gave it to her, to whom

1132
01:34:42.439 --> 01:34:44.800
I had already left with a cousin
to my motto Maric, yes I had

1133
01:34:44.800 --> 01:34:48.199
left it for a cousin the whole
money of the Nobel gave it to my

1134
01:34:48.279 --> 01:34:51.520
Leva Mari, who did it was
to buy a lot of apartments and to

1135
01:34:51.520 --> 01:34:55.199
rent them. And just because he
also had a son, a lot of

1136
01:34:55.279 --> 01:35:00.960
psychiatric problems, his was tremendous,
yes, yes. Indeed, then they

1137
01:35:00.039 --> 01:35:06.479
come, other women come you just
mentioned. The only woman, the only

1138
01:35:06.640 --> 01:35:13.520
one in history who has won two
Nobel Prizes in different disciplines was Mari Curi.

1139
01:35:15.000 --> 01:35:17.600
She won one in physics and earned
one in chemistry, one with her

1140
01:35:17.680 --> 01:35:23.800
husband in a thousand nine hundred three
and the other in a thousand nine hundred

1141
01:35:24.199 --> 01:35:29.840
eleven physics, she alone, but
besides, her daughter Irene Jolie Curi,

1142
01:35:30.199 --> 01:35:33.119
she also earned it in a thousand
nine hundred thirty- five. If that

1143
01:35:33.239 --> 01:35:36.359
' s nothing, I think it' s the only family that' s

1144
01:35:36.359 --> 01:35:41.159
ever had three noble awards. No, and it' s brutal, because

1145
01:35:42.159 --> 01:35:45.439
it' s really this already good
Madame Cury figure too. We no longer

1146
01:35:45.560 --> 01:35:49.000
have time, but I am sorry
for the moment when women are already directly

1147
01:35:49.039 --> 01:35:55.039
integrated into science and today, because
this is already thanks to God. Look,

1148
01:35:55.359 --> 01:36:00.359
it' s something else. Unlike
he didn' t want to include

1149
01:36:00.399 --> 01:36:06.600
his wife in winning the Nobel Prize
Piercury. When he got the Nobel Prize,

1150
01:36:06.680 --> 01:36:09.920
the first thing he said was no. No, I' m not.

1151
01:36:10.800 --> 01:36:14.640
I don' t get the Nobel
Prize. If my lady does not

1152
01:36:14.720 --> 01:36:18.680
receive it, she is also the
owner of this Nobel Prize and they gave

1153
01:36:18.760 --> 01:36:23.920
the Nobel Prize to both of them. Einstein didn' t just do that,

1154
01:36:23.960 --> 01:36:26.840
but he didn' t leave because
he got Dami Leva Marin pregnant or

1155
01:36:26.880 --> 01:36:30.239
let Mari finish the race. That' s another movie. But good our

1156
01:36:30.319 --> 01:36:33.359
arming rise, my friend, your
YouTube channel, nestor in command rise and

1157
01:36:33.399 --> 01:36:40.680
logical super recommended your conclusion and your
closure man. First this because it'

1158
01:36:40.720 --> 01:36:44.600
s so cortico if we had like
six characters and it doesn' t give

1159
01:36:44.600 --> 01:36:47.640
time. This time we haven'
t arrived any more than they gave to

1160
01:36:47.680 --> 01:36:50.239
the mother. No, because there
was no arched juana that we are going

1161
01:36:50.279 --> 01:36:54.680
to talk about manuel to Saenz.
The role of revolutionary women didn' t

1162
01:36:54.760 --> 01:36:58.279
give time for shit. We haven' t given time. Another day we

1163
01:36:58.359 --> 01:37:00.640
do another show, another thing.
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

1164
01:37:00.319 --> 01:37:08.039
Okay. My conclusion is that,
I definitely believe that just now it begins

1165
01:37:08.119 --> 01:37:14.880
or we begin to have as a
society the certainty that women have definitely been

1166
01:37:15.039 --> 01:37:18.359
the real builder of the world.
And only my conclusion comes to this.

1167
01:37:18.640 --> 01:37:25.119
I leave just one restlessness. Is
it a concern what would have happened in

1168
01:37:26.159 --> 01:37:30.439
history if, instead of the great
men, I' m including them all

1169
01:37:30.439 --> 01:37:33.600
put me on? Alejandro put me, Carlos Magno put me, Louis fourteen

1170
01:37:33.680 --> 01:37:36.479
put them on me, all you
want. If they had not been men,

1171
01:37:36.800 --> 01:37:41.399
but women of that talanta and those
bright ones, what the world would

1172
01:37:41.399 --> 01:37:45.439
be like today. I think that
if women had ruled the world and built

1173
01:37:45.520 --> 01:37:53.600
Western civilization, today the world would
be very different, more harmonious, it

1174
01:37:53.600 --> 01:38:00.680
would be a more equitable and just
world and much more advanced if it had

1175
01:38:00.760 --> 01:38:04.680
been women who would have handled all
this throughout history. But the floors we

1176
01:38:04.720 --> 01:38:09.000
have for many centuries and that'
s the big problem. And, well,

1177
01:38:09.239 --> 01:38:13.720
I think history is changing and the
world is mutating. Nestor arming you

1178
01:38:13.720 --> 01:38:16.680
up, repeat super recommended your YouTube
channel? Nestor arming up and logical,

1179
01:38:17.159 --> 01:38:19.920
my friend, how good we have
with you Alejandro and I, every time

1180
01:38:20.039 --> 01:38:24.199
we have this talk you don'
t shit scripts and Paco little by little,

1181
01:38:24.319 --> 01:38:30.640
but well, a very big hug
brother and until another day, for

1182
01:38:30.159 --> 01:38:32.560
me it is a privilege. Thank
you very much. It is an honor

1183
01:38:32.600 --> 01:38:36.920
as always to be here with you
Jesus jal and with alejito and thanks.

1184
01:38:38.039 --> 01:38:40.680
Thank you for the difference you always
have with me. Thank you. What

1185
01:38:40.720 --> 01:38:44.760
a marvel it is to interview our
gramando at the hindsight of a wonderful intellectual,

1186
01:38:45.079 --> 01:38:49.800
his YouTube channel, this building up
and logical and today giving a review

1187
01:38:50.199 --> 01:38:55.079
of the role of women in history, playing some of them that were advanced

1188
01:38:55.159 --> 01:38:59.800
to their time, in times also
very complicated. Alexander Bernal your conclusion of

1189
01:38:59.840 --> 01:39:03.000
your friendly land. It is always
a privilege n hester with nestor, an

1190
01:39:03.039 --> 01:39:06.880
all- walking library, a teacher, a whole referent of mystery journalism and

1191
01:39:06.960 --> 01:39:12.720
journalism in general, a privilege to
really count on him again here on mystery

1192
01:39:12.760 --> 01:39:17.279
night. And that wonderful review we
did about women like Cleopatria and Pattia of

1193
01:39:17.319 --> 01:39:21.560
Alexandria, Joan of Arc, which
you can mention in the previous block,

1194
01:39:21.800 --> 01:39:27.760
and of course we stayed many more
women. If you want us to delve

1195
01:39:28.000 --> 01:39:30.880
into another edition, into another podcast. Please share it on our social networks,

1196
01:39:30.279 --> 01:39:33.399
also on the YouTube channel that Juange
and I are very attentive to those

1197
01:39:33.600 --> 01:39:36.960
comments and can follow me on social
networks, on Twitter, Instagram and tiktok,

1198
01:39:38.119 --> 01:39:42.119
in arroba ale bernal pres with women
is a fundamental part of the story.

1199
01:39:44.720 --> 01:39:48.399
Women who have been denoised for centuries, in some of them fighters,

1200
01:39:48.840 --> 01:39:55.800
dreamers who were able to anticipate their
time, with a very complicated circumstance,

1201
01:39:56.199 --> 01:40:02.560
with people who oppressed them and societies
that relegated them to the background. But

1202
01:40:02.640 --> 01:40:11.239
their talent and brilliance made them become
legend and, most importantly, that all

1203
01:40:11.319 --> 01:40:18.800
women are our mothers. Without them
we would have no life, a fundamental

1204
01:40:18.880 --> 01:40:23.960
part of all human societies. And
never forget that we live in a magical

1205
01:40:24.039 --> 01:40:26.640
world, because it is full of
mystery