¿Cuáles han sido los momentos históricos de 70 años de la tv en Colombia?

0:07 I am Roberto Pombo welcome to my questions an average rush program sponsored by the KFAM theater and read much more than theater. Television in Colombia celebrates seventy years in which soap operas, news, humor shows and musicals have left a mark. What have been the most iconic programs on Colombian television? It is the varied and diverse programming. Social media has taken away TV' s terrain. For this chapter we spoke with screenwriter Juana Uribe, actress Victoria Beltrán, television producer and director Jimm Pérez and journalist Santiago Rivas I am Roberto Pombo. And this is chapter eighty- six of my questions welcome warning, this chapter has a high content of nostalgia. If you are or younger than thirty years of age, you will require the help of someone older for references. I' m going to venture to make a comparison. The scoll that habit of surfing infinitely on social networks is the sapping of the new generations. In case you are very young, I would like to tell you that sapping is what is known as channeling, sitting in front of the TV, grabbing the remote control and spending minutes and hours simply passing channels. Then you see nothing but short fragments of commercials, news, repeated movies and commercial teleshopping, soap operas football matches that were repeated as a coachman. The real purpose of sapping was not

1:37 to find something to watch on television, but to wander through programming without a specific purpose rather than to blank the mind. But with the arrival of streaming platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Maximum Largo, etcetera, the sapping dies one goes to the fixed looks to the seriously the film that Kieri puts it maximum, leaves it ringing background of white noise. But there' s no chance of passing programs anymore, but holy. And it' s so much that we miss that activity that there are even applications exclusively for passing TV channels. Even if we don' t have a TV. When these content platforms arrived on demand, we thought that television was dead, that each person would hire one or two services to stop paying for TV for CABLEY but although it seemed that way at first, and platforms like a Netflix and Prime managed to scare the channels, everything went back to commerce. To talk about television in Colombia is to talk about many references of what we are beyond the flag, the national shield or the anthem. In the programming of these seventy years that Colombian television fulfills, there are other patriotic symbols and it is that seventy years is said easy, but they are thousands and thousands of programs of all kinds.

2:47 The television came in the mandate of Gustavo Red Pinilla, coincidentially on the first anniversary of the coup d'état, which served to bring him to power and as one would expect from any politician or n o n ns without hesitation, and emerged with the idea of being a means of propaganda for his government. That is why he was in charge of the Office of Information and Propaganda of the Presidency of the Republic. On that day only four hundred receivers witnessed the inauguration of that public service for the country. However, the idea of red Pinilla with television was that it would serve as a vehicle for achieving national unity and overcoming the political conflict that was happening in the country at the time. But that propaganda purpose was no longer the main motive and over time they realized a more important educational and cultural role. At that time, the rule was not that almost everyone could read and write, and the then Red President Pinilla believed that this lack of education was an obstacle to the country' s progress. That is why, over time and in other governments, he was playing a more educational and cultural role. But before the television was in the 1970s. First it was television theater, as at the time it was Uría, there was technology and technical knowledge. What they were broadcasting were plays.

4:03 Lively from this was pioneered by Japanese theater director Xsano, who arrived in the country hired by President Rojas Melilla to train directors and actors in the new format of theater and television. An unconfirmed rumor is that just two months later, his invitation to be in the country was revoked because of his sympathy for communism. Then, the television model changed to an educational model that lasted several decades in which the country became a continental power, in decades like the eighty- nineties, about two thousand four, years in which it was settled in revision. However, in the eighties and nineties, Colombian television had great educational programs such as Naturalia and Professor Yarumo. The programming had what was known as telemasters, such as Gloria Valencia de Castaño and Professor José de Recasens, who taught mathematical writing and biology and to learn about geography and history. The world on the fly was a revolutionary r program that, through travel chronicles of Héctor Mora, taught us the world without leaving the house. But there are also recent examples of programs that, while not having the format of traditional classes, have been tremendously educational. Listen to this and tell me if you are familiar with portales through him who stops so much flat head of stone for a player to the southwest and here is committing the idiomatic quifa dea promptly to one hundred and twenty zero cults of gatinase gratinized to the southeast of here to fight for justice and gothic hatred. Super Professor O became one of the most famous cultural figures

5:36 on national television. If it doesn' t ring a bell that he is an animated character who tells the story of Charles Arturo O Coro, who received from his grandfather supernatural powers and the noble mission of fighting idiomatic ignorance. This series premiered at two thousand and six on channels of public interest. I already had a big hit. He even had two sequels. In two thousand ten, the year in which the two- hundredth anniversary of independence was celebrated and he had a series in which he solved two hundred questions about the independence posed by two hundred children from all over the country and about eleven years ago he premiered professor exceeded recharged where he talks about the energy efficiency that the sustainable use of that resource. Another program that has had a special place among the audience of pure Creoles. My name is Santiago rio In the late the pure Creoles.

6:29 This program was a documentary series about Colombian articles that are part of our idiosyncrasy. Beyond the patriotic symbols. Each chapter talked about a different one, such as the stormy piglet, chocorrramo, or king soap. But we talked about cultural programs that won the hearts of Colombians. Those over thirty will remember this one. I know who knows what you don' t know? The largest news programme in the history of television in the country. I know who knows what you don' t know? I know who knows what you don ' t know? It was a program in which the presenter Alfonso Castellanos, read the letters of viewers with concerns about any topic and sought a professional to resolve that concern. Strangely enough it seemed to be a kind of premodern Google in which they showed answers to questions such as the truth that some people have saliva so acidic that they could erode their teeth so that they don' t have the doubt. It' s not true that that happens. This type of television has lost ground and viewers. But since I don' t want to keep the simple impression, I looked for the journalist and presenter of the pure Creoles, Santiago Rivas, to tell me. It continues to be successful and public. Cultural television, this is what public television told me. Yeah, he' s still successful and public. In fact, I think it ' s more successful and more public now. I believe that the relevance of public television to which decided over the years and was or is the result of

8:03 a joint process that gave life to a way of making public television that is not the same as is being done now. I think the problem, in fact, is that this audience and that success that is being achieved thanks to the fact that public television knew how to become an identity builder, a constructor of identity, of an identity that was macro, that was a historical identity, but that it was also an identity related to the immediate and the not strictly cultural, but with ways of being and with ways of understanding the Colombian. And I think that' s a little bit of the controversy we' re in, and that' s that this television, which has a public and which is successful, is now winning its success based on an audience that was built on the cultural, but it' s calling more and more people in the middle of a political contest, like in a discussion, of a debate about the truth and information that ends up being very damaging, because it politically compromises the creation of public television the governmental, one of the most important acts of television. It happened when we went from having a single channel to two, three, etcetera. Think for a moment of ptotes. The Colombians saw exactly the same thing at the same time. That made everyone have the same references, the same phrases, the same jokes. Over the decades, more channels appeared and this made it possible for us to choose what to see.

9:33 But despite this, the sayings, the jokes and the phrases came from what we saw on television. They were the memes of the time. We all have a phrase or a memory of some soap opera, musical program or contest, even a propaganda. Television has been in our homes for decades, and of course it has influenced us, and while reality now has the power of audiences. There was a time when it wasn' t like that. The ocul soap operas pay in the privileged place of eight o' clock at night. After the news he makes several chapters. In the 70' s more exactly I talked about the revival of television and, specifically about the series and soap operas, so I' m not going to repeat them already known.

10:13 Ugly Betira Pedro Erescamoso coffee with aroma of woman in the best poster. I want to devote time to other novels that have marked the time in the country. And I have to start with a rather successful story of Colombian television, Pablo Escobar, the pattern of evil. Again you with the voice of the teddy condensity is that it' s been time that you heard your older brother ever get boneared with dangerous cocaines Everything dangerous becomes silver. The sure doesn ' t leave any weight or if you don' t see, for example, your bikes. I don' t know if it' s a soap opera or a series, but the fact is it' s been recognized. She won thirteen Catalina awards on two thousand thirteen TVs and three novels on the IMDb platform, which has the largest database of films and series. He' s got a rating of eight four out of ten. He got into several countries and his final chapter beat record audiences in several of them, as in Argentina, where he reached ten eight ratings. We cannot talk about Colombian television programs without mentioning one of the first and longest. Me and you lasted twenty years on the air and counted the experiences of a family on a humorous note.

11:18 This program was so important that it served as a springboard for more than one hundred seventy actors and actresses, many that would become legends such as Alicia del Carpio, Carlos Muñoz, Consuelo Luzardo, Carlos Benjumea, Pepe Sánchez El Chinchulloa and to this account I have to add yes or yes, one of the most interesting soap operas we have had. Gallito Ramirez. This soap opera was based on the frenzy a story by the writer David Sánchez Juliáo about a village boy who dreams of being a boxer, played by Carlos Duez, who falls in love with a young daughter of a merchant lender, played by Margarita Rosa de Francisco And, of course, we have to talk about a soap opera that marked the rhythm of the nap and the rest of the Colombians' lunch for sixteen years, parents and children. This soap opera reached several generations.

12:18 It had seventeen seasons that numbered over three thousand and six hundred chapters, which began in one thousand nine hundred and ninety- three and ended in two thousand and nine. The Franco family' s story was dramatic. There was love, spite, kidnapping, death, pregnancy, disappointment and joy, no matter what. Each chapter ended with a blackberry over life. But this telenovela was not only successful in Colombia, but was also broadcast in Argentina, Bolivia and the United States. There was nothing better for digestion, the best companion for red. For this lunch that parents and children. Today, few soap operas, at least national, last so long. That' s why I looked, Ana Victoria Beltrán, who played Daniela Franco to help me with this doubt, what made this soap opera so hard? Well, what did parents and kids do that lasted so long? I think it was their stories.

13:09 There was always a variety of stories. My character happened everything to every chapter, a different thing, and that made it fun. No, and I also think they were the cases they had in the family, because they were real cases. People felt identified with everything that happened there. We, in Colombia, have a thousand stories to tell and I think that was one of the factors for it to last a lot. Another factor I think is that the cast, the new people, the people who were entering the program cute faces as a manologue, like Diego and also great human beings and very talented Lincoln, Lina Tejeiro and good many more. That makes the program that people won' t stop watching it be a broken widow. It was a great blessing And even if the soap operas and series of Colombia have been soap operas or dramas, it' s because it doesn' t remember the golden age of humor between the eighties and nineties. Colombian television had, as I see it, a first great season of humor series, perhaps one of the first Colombian sitcoms, as the sitcoms are told. It was from a chinche, a humorous series starring in the character who gave the name to the program and who recounts the misfortunes of Don Chinche and his companion Eutimio Pastrana, a pair of toderos who do everything to survive their day- to- day needs of the same style. Then came others as good or more good, such as

14:43 Romero and Bruzeta, the Tuta NN comedies that also set the precedent for futures, such as until silver do part them or even Bety, the ugly one in which the day- to- day average citizens, everyday life, intringulis and office and anecdotes of public transport base of humor. If you recognize this song, you know what the next comedy is. If there' s one sentence on TV that' s become popular, let' s just cut the pods. Yes, this is a comedy written by Daniel San per Pisano and Bernardo Romero Pereiro, and was broadcast from one thousand nine hundred and eighty- four to one thousand nine hundred and ninety- eight. About the Vargas family Let' s leave Vainas is the adaptation of the book with the same name, with the best articles that Daniel San per Pisano published in Carrousel magazine.

15:28 But there came a time when there were no more columns of Daniel that, in view of the success of the series, began to write the scripts of each chapter from scratch. For many this sitcom is ahead of its time. We could even say that keeping proportions is a sort of Saintfield criolla. It premiered five years before the American comedy series Jerry Sainfield and Larry David. Colombian television has had many kinds of humor. We' ve already seen the comedy series, but we' ve either had sketch shows, and here I' m going to start with one of the first and most important mere boys pick up. This wasn' t really a humorous show. In fact, it was a group of comedians led by Hernando the Jurero Casanova, who make sketches on Jiman' s show, a musical program. The one we' ll talk about later. Sketches were adaptations of famous songs with funny lyrics about absurd scenarios. But we need to talk about one of the great milestones of political humor in Colombia society. The program of political satire by Jaime Garzón, Eduardo Arias and Carl Troller, undoubtedly marked an era with its invitations of presidents, former presidents and figures of the national life and the criticism of the situation of the country at that time, like the energy crisis, the coffee pact constitutes it. Now that I think about it and reread these issues, I would like to know what Garzón would be saying about this historic and clear moment, you can' t talk about society without referring to his successor coac Antonio Morales

17:06 ' news Garzón program, characters like Godofredo, Cínico, Caspa, John Lenny, William Garra, Nestor Le, along with the imitations of presidents and politicians, was so good. It had such an impact that those jokes cost him his life. Few humorous characters on Colombian television made the powerful feel as uncomfortable as Heriberto de la Calle. Everything and the one who is not afraid that this campaign was also defused as the requeño or juana and as the bridge of the ninety- two remembers the two screens. I don' t remember you were so good at it, Baton, but you didn' t. There is a complete list of Colombian humor programs that do not include Happy Saturdays, the longest- lived humor program in television history. It is now fifty- two years old and the program remains a leader of the fairy night strip.

18:02 It is a show that has mixed the sketches with the political satire and with the format that became popular the jokers. He has won eight India Catalina awards, five awards, he sees you novels even a Simon Bolivar award. One of the longest- lived programs on Colombian television. In general. It' s a show, but not any show, the star show. Oh, good luck kick for Paloma. These iconic phrases by Jorge Varón have made him a living legend of national television. But not only that, but in one of the programs most loved by Colombians and by many artists who are now detailed worldwide, but who started playing on their platforms, like Shakira, j Balvin, Maluma, Carol Gy. But they have also brought international artists such as Juro Iglesia, Ceria, Cruz Villege People, Juan Gabriel and José Feliciano.

18:53 I would venture to say that this program has reached more municipalities in the country than many state entities and, as I mentioned before, another music program that left a mark in a whole generation was the Jimmy Paul Ladril show, Two Welcome. At the latest hour, Jimmy Salcedo was the driver of this show, which mixed musical performances, sketches and humor, about the mere Corcher An Boys, which I already mentioned. Also the section sings, though not sings, in which political personalities the arts of culture conversed with Jimmy and in the end performed a song accompanied only by the piano. In this section he was invited by former President Belisario de Tancourt. What is playing was another section of musical novelties presented with choreographies to and also to have a section of contests, the so- called Re millonaria, in which a viewer received a call and had to guess the song that sounded on the computer piano. It was a program of total entertainment very much in the style of the lade nagy shows like that of et olien was aus From one thousand nine hundred seventy- two to one thousand nine hundred ninety- three. These kinds of programs are now on national television. Music programming concentrates on reality as the voice or I call myself I looked for the filmmaker and former music presenter, Jimmy Pérez, to ask him the music realitys displaced the music programs of national television. This he told me. It is possible that reality shows have displaced music programs on television because

20:29 reality shows are often popular, due to their ability to generate drama, excitement and connect with the audience through real characters and situations. This has led to many television channels and platforms prioritizing the production of reality shows, especially other types of programs including musicals. Audiovisual language has also changed in recent decades more than a shift. I feel it is a change that had to happen, considering, moreover, that social networks have impacted on audiovisuals and this has also caused musical content to evolve. However, music programs still have their space on television, especially on music channels or during special events such as awards or concerts.

21:18 But I summarize everything in an evolution of audiovisual language that resurrects Dr Ernesto San per Paisano. Mamola, as I said, Mamola is not only an expression that was popularized in Colombian politics, but the name of one of the most beloved characters on national television, the Lora Mamola, the mascot of wants me to finish the contest program directed by the host Fernando Gozález Pachel. The program was broadcast from nineteen hundred and ninety- six to two thousand one and put a series of musical challenges and mental ability to four contestant couples participating each week. The Lora Mamola was an animal pet, a real technological novelty for the time and to close with the competition programs. One of the first programs, presented by Julio Sánchez Banegas, pioneer of this type of program, was broadcast with intermittances between nineteen hundred and sixty- seven and the year of two thousand.

22:26 As its name says, it was a program that challenged contestants to remember elements that appeared on a board and disappeared. In the end, the finalist had to solve a hieroglyph to win the prize that became more than two million pesos at that time. But not everything in the history of television has been programming for adults. In those 70 years there have also been programmes for children and adolescents that have left a mark. The Dumis was a puppet show, as its name indicates, which taught about citizen consciousness through songs via the style of Plaza Césor. This is another of those programs that raised several generations, at least three, between a thousand nine hundred and seventy- seven and a thousand nine hundred and ninety- nine. In the nineties, one of the strangest and most interesting children' s programs that I have seen on Brugo la Magica national television appeared. In the product the program had half surreal characters, like an angel, a demon, a mime, that dealt with a magical world inhabited by literary characters. The program was daring for its time and had sections such as the mini poll, in which children and young people responded to comic book- protecting questions, in which a story of antiquity was told in the voice of a girl while animations appeared. It allowed the channel from a

23:56 thousand nine hundred ninety- two to a thousand nine hundred ninety- seven. Since then there have also been programs for children' s audiences such as Oki Doki with more musical cut and club ten with puppets and sketches. Currently, television has a harder time catching up with children and young people. According to a study by the Communications Regulatory Commission, the average time of consumption of audiovisual content on television of Colombian children and adolescents is one hundred and fifty- two minutes per week and one hundred and ninety- two weekends, while each time they connect to the Internet they remain on average ninety- two minutes. Of the most used media, the Internet blames you for the first place with eighty - five percent, followed by the use of cellular with seventy- nine percent, and television with seventy- four percent. Seeing these numbers and the influence they have on this audience, social media influencers are worth redundancy. I wonder the new generations changed their TV references to social media influencers. Look for screenwriter Juana Uribi to help me, and this he told me. My perception is that young people today, of course, spend a lot of time on social networks and the Internet. But that doesn' t mean they don' t consume television. What it means is that they are not willing to consume television on schedule, as we were used to. Or still do those who watch TV open, curiously if they have references that are influential and have in the networks, because people they follow. But that also leads to television consumption.

25:30 I have seen, for example, young people who have now rediscovered series that they had not seen before, such as, for example, Motherne Family, or films like Scarface, or series like Escobar, or series like Narcos, or series that they did not see before, for some reason, when they were on the air and they are looking for them, or on platforms or on the network wherever they are. So, my perception is that they don ' t compete, but that' s they get on television by different ways. What is very important is that when an influencer or when in the networks becomes tendency some series or some character that they did not know or mediatante, they go and look for it and becomes a task to watch it in order to have topic of conversation. The news has been a fundamental part of the history of television. It was perhaps the first kind of programming we had even before television appeared, they were present. The first was to Colombia a day a government news broadcast in cinemas of between one thousand nine hundred fifty- six and one thousand nine hundred fifty- eight. Perhaps one of the most important news events has been the transmission of man' s arrival to the moon, especially at a time when technology was not so advanced. To do so they had to find a twenty- five- ton antenna and bring it from Venezuela to capture the satellite signal intelsar one. Since then, your news has been one of the most important shows before television. There have already been several of

27:02 those that have been broadcast, such as the South American news broadcast of the South American insurance company Tebemundo, which was the first news broadcast at noon, the crypto news broadcast and the twenty- four- hour night of boy and, et cetera, which was the school of several journalists of all order in the country. With the arrival of more Internet channels and social networks, the public has become automated, if we compare it, with what was seen in the 1950s and 1960s. However, this medium has supported the arrival of new technologies. Seventy years of television are said easy, but every review is unfair, because many programs have educated us to laugh to analyze, sing and dance. Since the July presentation of Sánchez Vanegas, welcoming Colombians to the world of television. To this day thousands of programs have passed out I have left out big TV heitis of all genres that left a mark on the minds of millions of viewers, as the next program does not change it secret flight or even short programs and that continue to make history, like the Minute of God, the Consumer Bulletin, that is another seventy years and many more of television.

28:10 I am Roberto Pombo and this was chapter eighty- six of my questions. See you in the next chapter from now on. This chapter of my questions is available on all podcast platforms. This episode was made possible thanks to the Kfam theatre and read much more than Theatre, Roberto Pombo Direction, General Production juan Abel Gutierrez, editorial advisor, Daniel san peerro Espina. Screenplays juan Abel Gutierrez and Johnny Rodríguez. Field production Marcela Salazar and Lucía Beltrán. Post- production of audio Carlos Bernar